August 25, 2023 - English Studies

Jargon: A Literary Device

Jargon refers to specialized language that is specific to a particular profession or group. It often includes technical terms, slang, or other specialized vocabulary.

Etymology of Jargon

Jargon is a term that originally referred to the specialized language used by particular groups or professions, such as lawyers or scientists.

The word “jargon” derives from the Old French term “jargoun,” which meant a chattering or twittering of birds. This term was later adopted by English speakers to describe the specialized vocabulary used by specific groups.

Meanings of Jargon

Jargon’s Broad Scope: Today, it encompasses any specialized or technical language that poses challenges for those outside a specific field.

Diverse Forms: This includes not only technical terminology employed by experts but also slang and colloquialisms unique to particular social groups.
Exclusivity and Identity: It serves as a tool to establish a sense of exclusivity and to indicate belonging to a particular group or community.
Communication Challenge: Nonetheless, excessive use of jargon can hinder effective communication and comprehension, especially when applied in contexts where it’s unwarranted or irrelevant.

Jargon in Grammar

Singular Noun “Jargon”: In English grammar, “jargon” functions as a singular noun.
Verb Agreement Context: The choice between a singular or plural verb depends on the context.
Singular Verb for Specific Group: When discussing the jargon of a particular group, employ a singular verb, as in “The jargon of the legal profession is difficult to understand.”

Plural Verb for Multiple Groups: If referring to multiple groups each with their distinct jargon, use a plural verb, as in “The jargons of various scientific fields differ greatly from one another.”
Verb-Subject Concordance: Ensuring the verb matches the subject is essential for grammatical correctness and clear communication.

Definition of Jargon

It refers to specialized language that is specific to a particular profession or group. It often includes technical terms, slang, or other specialized vocabulary that may be difficult for outsiders to understand. While it is useful for communication within a particular group, it also is a barrier to effective communication outside of that group.

Types of Jargon

Type	Detail	Examples
Technical jargon	Specific terminology in a field or industry, often complex.	Myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism
Business	Specialized language in the business world.	Synergy, leverage, ROI
Legal jargon	Specialized language in the legal profession.	Amicus curiae, ex parte, habeas corpus
Medical	Specialized language in the medical profession.	Hematology, neurology, cardiology
Academic jargon	Specialized language in academic writing and research.	Postmodernism, deconstruction, hermeneutics
Military	Specialized language in the military.	AWOL, POW, MIA
Sports jargon	Specialized language in the world of sports.	Slam dunk, home run, touchdown
Computer jargon	Specialized language in computers and technology.	Firewall, encryption, hacker
Political jargon	Specialized language in politics and government.	Lobbying, gerrymandering, filibuster
Environmental	Specialized language in environmental science.	Sustainability, biodiversity, carbon footprint

This table provides an overview of various types along with details and examples for each type.

Literary Examples of Jargon

Type	Definition	Example
*Stream of Consciousness*	A narrative technique in modernist literature presenting a character’s unstructured flow of thoughts and feelings.	James Joyce’s Ulysses
*Bildungsroman*	A coming-of-age novel focusing on the moral and psychological growth of a young protagonist.	The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger
*Epistolary Novel*	A novel presented as letters, diary entries, or written correspondence.	The Color Purple by Alice Walker
*Magical Realism*	A genre blending the supernatural with everyday life, creating a sense of magic and wonder.	One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez
*Metafiction*	Fiction drawing attention to its own status, often by breaking the fourth wall and acknowledging the reader.	If on a winter’s night a traveler by Italo Calvino
*Postmodernism*	A literary movement rejecting traditional structures, embracing ambiguity, and challenging objective truth.	The Crying of Lot 49 by Thomas Pynchon
*Tone*	The writer’s attitude expressed through word choice and arrangement.	The tone in George Orwell’s Animal Farm is satirical and critical.
*Free Indirect Discourse*	A narrative technique merging narrator and character voices for intimacy and immediacy.	Jane Austen’s Emma

Tone: Using and Critiquing It

Tone is a literary device that conveys the author’s attitude or feelings toward a subject or audience. It can be expressed through the choice of language.

Introduction to Tone

Tone is a literary device that conveys the author’s attitude or feelings toward a subject or audience. It can be expressed through the choice of words, the sentence structure, and the overall mood of a piece of writing. For example, a writer might use a somber tone to evoke feelings of sadness and reflection in a poem about loss, while a humorous tone could be employed in a satirical essay to poke fun at a societal issue.

How to Create Tone in Writing

Creating a tone in a fictional work can be done in various ways. Here are some techniques that can help to create tone:

Choose your words carefully: The selection of precise words and vocabulary sets the tone by conveying specific emotions and meanings.

Use imagery: Descriptive and vivid imagery engages the reader’s senses, influencing the overall tone of the writing.
Create a consistent voice: Maintaining a consistent writing style and voice throughout the text helps establish and sustain the desired tone.
Pay attention to pacing: The rhythm and pacing of the narrative can significantly impact it, whether it’s through fast-paced action or reflective, slower passages.

Consider the setting: The choice and description of the story’s setting can contribute to the tone by creating a certain atmosphere or mood.
Use dialogue: Dialogue can reveal character emotions and attitudes, playing a crucial role in shaping it in the work.

Benefits of Using a Good Tone

Establishing a clear and effective tone has numerous benefits in written and spoken communication. Here are some of the key benefits:

Enhances clarity: Effective communication ensures that the intended message is clearly understood, reducing the potential for misunderstandings or confusion.
Increases engagement: When communication is engaging and interesting, it captures the audience’s attention and promotes active participation in the conversation or discussion.
Builds trust: Clear and honest communication fosters trust and credibility, as people are more likely to trust those who communicate openly and transparently.

Improves relationships: Effective communication is a cornerstone of healthy relationships, enabling individuals to express themselves, listen actively, and resolve conflicts constructively.
Creates an appropriate mood: Communication can set the tone and mood for a conversation or interaction, whether it’s professional, friendly, empathetic, or formal.
Conveys personality: Communication style reflects an individual’s personality, allowing others to get to know and connect with them on a personal level.

These benefits highlight the importance of effective communication in various aspects of personal and professional life.

Tone and Literary Theory

Literary Theory	Application
Formalism	Analyze the detached and impersonal tone in T.S. Eliot’s poem “The Waste Land” to reveal its contribution to portraying a fragmented and disillusioned modern society.
Reader-Response Theory	Explore the varied emotional tones in readers’ responses to Shakespeare’s tragedy “Macbeth” to understand how different interpretations elicit feelings of fear, sympathy, or admiration.
Marxist Criticism	Critically examine the depiction of social inequality in George Orwell’s novel “1984” using a critical and confrontational tone to highlight the oppressive nature of the ruling class and the marginalized conditions of the working class.
Feminist Criticism	Interpret the empowering and inclusive tone in Virginia Woolf’s essay “A Room of One’s Own” to analyze its challenge to traditional gender roles, advocacy for women’s autonomy, and promotion of their creative expression.
Postcolonial Theory	Analyze the subversion of colonial discourse in Chinua Achebe’s novel “Things Fall Apart” using a decolonizing and subversive tone to explore how the author challenges Eurocentric narratives and empowers indigenous voices, thereby highlighting resistance against colonialism.

Tone: A Literary Device

Tone refers to the quality or character of a sound or voice, often used to convey emotions or moods. It also refers to the attitude or mood conveyed by an author.

Etymology of Tone

The term “tone” originates from the Old French word ton and the Latin word tonus. Both mean a sound or a pitch.

The root of the word goes back to the Greek word tonos. It means tension or stretching. The concept of tone has been in use for music and language for centuries. However, now it has evolved to encompass a range of meanings in different contexts.

Meanings of Tone

Musical Tone: In music, tone refers to a musical sound or note produced by a specific frequency.

Instrumental Distinction: In instrumental music, it also signifies the quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another.
Linguistic Tone: In linguistics, tone pertains to the pitch or melody of a word or phrase, especially in tonal languages like Mandarin Chinese where different tones alter word meaning.
Literary Tone: In literature, tone represents the attitude or mood conveyed by the author through word choice, sentence structure, and expression. It can be formal, informal, sarcastic, humorous, or other emotional nuances.

General Usage: In everyday language, tone is used to describe the quality or mood of something in writing, such as characterizing a speech as having a positive or negative tone.

Tone in Grammar

Context-Dependent Usage: The use of the word “tone” in grammar depends on the context in which it is used.
Singular Noun: In some contexts, “tone” functions as a singular noun. For instance, “The tone of this story is serious” uses “tone” as a singular noun to describe the overall mood or attitude of the story.

Plural Noun: In other contexts, “tone” can function as a plural noun when the context demands it. For example, “He has used different tones for this composition” uses “tones” as a plural noun to refer to various qualities or aspects of sound or writing style within the composition.

Definition of Tone

Tone, as a literary device, refers to the quality or character of a sound or voice, often used to convey emotions or moods. It also refers to the attitude or mood conveyed by an author or speaker through their choice of words and expressions.

Types of Tone

Type of Tone	Explanation	Examples from Literature or Music
Formal	It is a serious, professional, and polite tone used in academic or business contexts.	“The scientific report presented a rigorous analysis of the data.”
Informal	It is a casual, conversational, and relaxed used in social or personal contexts.	“Hey, what’s up? Let’s hang out later!”
Optimistic	It is a hopeful and positive used to inspire or encourage others.	“Believe in yourself and you can achieve anything you set your mind to.”
Pessimistic	It is a negative and cynical expressing a lack of hope or faith.	“The world is doomed, and nothing can change that.”
Sarcastic	It is a mocking or ironic used to express the opposite of what is meant.	“Oh, great! Another meeting. Just what I needed.”
Humorous	It is a funny or amusing used to entertain or lighten the mood.	“Why don’t scientists trust atoms? Because they make up everything!”
Angry	It is hostile or aggressive used to express frustration or anger.	“How dare you speak to me like that! I won’t tolerate it!”
Sympathetic	It is compassionate and understanding used to express empathy or support.	“I know it’s tough, but I’m here for you. You’re not alone.”
Formality	It is stiff or distant when used to maintain social distance or show respect.	“Your Highness, it is an honor to be in your presence.”
Romantic	It is passionate, loving, and emotion when used in love letters or poetry.	“Your eyes are like stars, shining brightly in the night sky.”

Literary Examples of Tone

The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger

The tone of this novel is rebellious as the main character Holden Caulfield grapples with issues of identity, conformity, and loss. For example, here Holden expresses his frustration with society’s expectations: “They kept telling you to look at the back of the guy’s neck in front of you. I swear if there’s ever another war, they better just take me out and stick me in front of a firing squad.”

“The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson

The tone of this story is ominous and foreboding as the seemingly innocent tradition of a small town’s annual lottery takes a dark and violent turn. For example, in the following passage, the mood becomes tense as the townspeople begin to gather for the lottery: “The villagers kept their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool, and when Mr. Summers said, ‘Some of you fellows want to give me a hand?’”

“Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night” by Dylan Thomas

The tone of this poem by Dylan Thomas is urgent and passionate. Here the speaker implores his father to fight against death and hold on to life. For example, in the following stanza, the tone is fierce and defiant:

“Do not go gentle into that good night,

Old age should burn and rave at close of day;

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.”

Hamlet by William Shakespeare

The tone of this play is melancholic and introspective, as the titular character grapples with issues of betrayal, revenge, and mortality. For example, in the following soliloquy, Hamlet expresses his despair and disillusionment when he says,

“To be, or not to be, that is the question:

Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles.”

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

The tone of this novel is nostalgic and bittersweet, as the narrator Scout looks back on her childhood and the racial injustices that shaped her community. For example, in the following passage, the tone is wistful as Scout reflects on the passage of time: “I never understood her preoccupation with heredity. Somewhere, I had received the impression that Fine Folks were people who did the best they could with the sense they had, but Aunt Alexandra was of the opinion obliquely expressed, that the longer a family had been squatting on one patch of land the finer it was.”

Theme: Writing and Critiquing

Theme in literature functions as the underlying message or central idea that conveys a broader meaning or insight about the human experience.

Introduction to Theme

Theme in literature functions as the underlying message or central idea that conveys a broader meaning or insight about the human experience. This literary device provides cohesion to the narrative by connecting various elements and events, ultimately contributing to the reader’s deeper understanding of the text’s purpose and significance. Through the exploration and development of themes, authors can explore complex concepts and engage readers in thoughtful contemplation of societal, moral, and emotional dimensions.

How to Create a Theme in a Fictional Work

Creating a theme in a fictional work is a complex and challenging process, but there are several steps that you can take to develop a strong and meaningful theme:

Step	Explanation	Practical Example
1. Identify the Underlying Message:	Ask Key Questions: Consider the ideas and issues you want to explore and what you want readers to take away.	When writing a story about resilience, ask, “What does true resilience mean, and what can readers learn from it?”
2. Develop Consistent Characters:	Align with Theme: Ensure your characters share the motivations and beliefs central to your theme.	In a story about environmental conservation, characters should exhibit eco-friendly values and actions.
3. Employ Symbolism and Imagery:	Deepen Meaning: Use symbols and vivid imagery to reinforce and amplify the theme.	In a poem about hope, a sunrise can symbolize new beginnings and optimism, enhancing the theme.
4. Generate Conflict and Tension:	Theme-Driven Conflict: Create conflicts that relate to the theme, enhancing its exploration.	In a story about forgiveness, a character’s struggle to forgive a betrayal adds depth to the theme.
5. Show, Don’t Tell:	Subtle Presentation: Instead of outright stating the theme, depict it through character actions and dialogue.	Rather than saying, “She was resilient,” show the character persevering through adversity.
6. Revise and Refine:	Polish and Clarify: Continually refine your writing to convey the theme effectively and cohesively.	Edit to ensure that every element of the story contributes to the central theme without distractions.

Benefits of Theme

Clarity and Focus: Themes provide a clear and focused framework for a literary work, guiding both the author and the reader in understanding the central message or purpose of the text.

Unity and Coherence: Themes help unify diverse elements within a narrative, fostering coherence by tying together characters, plot developments, and symbols to reinforce the central idea.
Deeper Exploration: Themes enable authors to delve into complex topics, emotions, and human experiences, allowing for a more profound exploration of the subject matter.
Reader Engagement: Themes engage readers on a deeper intellectual and emotional level, encouraging them to contemplate and discuss the broader meanings and implications of the story.

Enhanced Critical Analysis: Themes provide a basis for critical analysis and interpretation, facilitating discussions on symbolism, character development, and societal relevance.
Universal Relevance: Themes often touch on universal human experiences, making literature relatable and allowing readers to draw connections to their own lives and societies.
Artistic Expression: Themes provide authors with a means of artistic expression, allowing them to convey complex ideas and emotions through the narrative structure.

Resonance and Memorability: Well-developed themes make literature more memorable and resonate with readers long after they have finished the text.
Social Commentary: Themes can serve as a vehicle for social commentary, enabling authors to address societal issues, values, and beliefs within the context of their narratives.
Educational Value: Themes in literature offer educational opportunities by encouraging critical thinking, analysis, and discussions in academic settings.

Theme and Literary Theory

The theme is an essential component of literary analysis, and different literary theories can offer different approaches to understanding and interpreting themes in literature. Here are a few examples:

Literary Theory	Critique/Relevance of Theme to Literary Theory	Application of Theory to Work
Formalism Literary Theory	Formalism focuses on the intrinsic elements of a literary work, such as form, structure, and language. Themes may be considered secondary.	In “The Waste Land,” Formalism would analyze the fragmented structure, intertextuality, and the use of multiple voices. It would also focus on its language, symbolism, and allusions, considering how these formal elements contribute to the meaning and impact of the poem. The theme of disillusionment and societal decay would be examined, too, in light of its expression through the innovative form and linguistic techniques.
Reader-Response Theory	Reader-Response Theory emphasizes the role of the reader’s interpretation and response in shaping the meaning of a literary work.	Reader-Response literary theory would explore the different interpretations and emotional responses that readers have to *Beloved*. It would analyze how readers’ experiences, perspectives, and cultural backgrounds influence their understanding and engagement with the novel’s themes of slavery, memory, and trauma. The theory would highlight the significance of individual reader experiences and the dialogues created between the text and readers, emphasizing that meaning is not solely determined by the author but also constructed in the act of reading.
Feminist Literary Theory	Feminist literary theory examines how gender influences the creation and interpretation of literature, highlighting gender inequalities and power dynamics.	Feminist literary theory would analyze “The Yellow Wallpaper” in terms of its portrayal of female oppression and the constraints imposed on women in the late 19th century. It would explore the theme of patriarchal control over women’s bodies and minds, examining how the protagonist’s descent into madness is connected to her restricted role as a wife and mother. The theory would also investigate the subversion of gender norms and how the story challenges the dominant power structures that restrict women’s agency and autonomy.
Postcolonial literary Theory	Postcolonial literary theory explores the cultural, social, and political implications of colonialism and its aftermath in literature.	Postcolonial literary theory would analyze “Things Fall Apart” by examining the effects of colonialism on African societies and the clash between indigenous cultures and colonial forces. It would explore the themes of cultural identity, power, and resistance in the novel, highlighting how Chinua Achebe challenges Eurocentric narratives and reclaims the African perspective. The theory would analyze the portrayal of characters, language use, and narrative strategies to reveal the complex dynamics of colonization and its impact on both individuals and communities.
Marxist literary theory	Marxist literary theory analyzes literature through the lens of class struggle, economic inequality, and social structures.	Marxist literary theory would examine *The Great Gatsby* in terms of its critique of the American Dream and the social class divisions of the Jazz Age. It would focus on the themes of wealth, materialism, and social mobility, analyzing how the characters’ relationships and actions reflect the economic disparities and power dynamics of the time. The theory would explore the novel’s portrayal of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, examining how Fitzgerald exposes the corrupting influence of capitalism and the illusions of upward social mobility in the pursuit of the American Dream.

Suggested Readings

Abrams, M.H. “How to do Things with Texts: A Guide to Critical Reading.” The Norton Anthology of English Literature, edited by Stephen Greenblatt, 9th ed., vol. A, W.W. Norton, 2012, pp. 168-178.

Theme: A Literary Device

A theme is the underlying message or central idea that a piece of literature, art, music, or design demonstrates through its contents.

Etymology of Theme

The term “theme” originates from the Greek word thema. It means proposition, subject, or thesis. The Greek word thema, however, is a derivative of tithenai, which means to put, to place, or to set. The Latin equivalent of thema is themata, which seems the major contributor to its entry into the English language. With time, the meaning has evolved to include a broad range of concepts such as a central idea or message or a recurring melody in music.

Meanings of Theme

Literary Theme: Refers to the underlying message or central idea in literature, like the theme of love and loss in various literary works.
Musical Theme: Denotes a recurring melody or musical idea developed within a musical composition.

Design and Art Theme: Represents a unifying concept or motif that ties together a work of design or art.

Theme in Grammar

Noun Usage: “Theme” is primarily used as a noun and can take both singular and plural forms.
Verb Usage: While less common, “theme” can also function as a verb.

Contextual Variations: The choice between singular or plural depends on the context.

Definition of Theme

A theme is the underlying message or central idea that a piece of literature, art, music, or design demonstrates through its contents. It is the unifying concept or motif that ties the work together and creates unity, coherence, and logic in it. Major elements that express themes include characters, settings, symbols, and events.

Types of Themes

There are many different types of themes literature, art, music, and other forms of creative expression explore or present. Some common types of themes include:

Theme Type	Definition	Example
Love and Relationships	It includes the complexities of romantic love, familial bonds, and friendships.	For example, “Sonnet 18” by William Shakespeare explores the theme of love and relationships through the speaker’s comparison of his beloved to a summer’s day, emphasizing eternal beauty and the power of love.
Coming of Age	It includes the challenges and triumphs of growing up and finding one’s place in the world.	For example, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger explores the theme of coming of age emerges through the protagonist Holden Caulfield’s journey of self-discovery, rebellion against societal norms, and search for authenticity.
Good vs. Evil	It includes the battle between good and evil, morality and ethics, and the consequences of one’s actions.	Paradise Lost by John Milton explores the theme of good vs. evil through the fall of Satan and the subsequent conflict between God and Satan, exploring the concepts of temptation, free will, and moral responsibility.
Identity and Self-Discovery	It includes the journey of self-discovery and the search for personal identity.	“The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost presents the theme of identity and self-discovery through the speaker’s contemplation of choosing between two paths, symbolizing the choices and individuality in life’s journey.
Loss and Grief	It includes the emotions and struggles that come with losing a loved one or experiencing a major life change.	The short story “The Scarlet Ibis” by James Hurst explores the theme of loss and grief portrayed through the narrator’s recollection of the death of his younger brother and the guilt, remorse, and emotional impact it had on him.
Power and Corruption	It includes the dynamics of power, politics, and corruption and their effects on individuals and society.	“Macbeth” by William Shakespeare presents the theme of power and corruption depicted through Macbeth’s ruthless ambition to become king, which leads to his descent into tyranny, corruption, and moral deterioration.
Social Justice	It includes issues of inequality, discrimination, and social justice.	The short story “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson shows the theme of social justice portrayed through the chilling depiction of a small town’s annual lottery ritual, which exposes the dangers of blind conformity, tradition, and collective violence.
Nature and the Environment	It includes humanity’s relationship with nature and the impact of human activity on the environment.	The poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth explores the theme of nature and the environment conveyed through the speaker’s encounter with a field of daffodils, capturing the beauty of nature and its ability to uplift the human spirit.

These examples are representative of the themes mentioned and are not exhaustive. Literary works can explore themes in diverse ways, providing different perspectives and nuances.

Literary Examples of Themes in Different Works

Theme	Work Title	Explanation
Love and Loss	“Romeo and Juliet” by William Shakespeare	The central theme of this play is the tragic love story between Romeo and Juliet, exploring the themes of young love, family conflict, and the inevitability of fate. The depiction of love and loss is showcased through the passionate and forbidden love between the two young protagonists, ultimately leading to their untimely deaths and the reconciliation of their feuding families.
Coming of Age	To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee	The main theme of this novel is the coming of age of the protagonist, Scout Finch, as she learns about the injustice and racism in her community and develops empathy and understanding for others. The depiction of coming of age is portrayed through Scout’s gradual realization of the complexities of the world and her transformation from innocence to awareness.
Power and Corruption	Animal Farm by George Orwell	This novel explores the themes of power and corruption through a group of farm animals who overthrow their human owner, only to have the pigs take control and become corrupt leaders themselves. The depiction of power and corruption is illustrated by the gradual transformation of the pigs from idealistic revolutionaries to oppressive rulers, mirroring real-world instances of corruption and abuse of power.
Identity and Self-Discovery	The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger	The central theme of this novel is the journey of self-discovery of the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, as he grapples with issues of identity, alienation, and authenticity. The depiction of identity and self-discovery is exemplified through Holden’s quest to find meaning and connection in a world that he perceives as phony and superficial.
Death and Mortality	The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy	This novella explores the themes of death and mortality through the story of a man who is forced to confront his own mortality and the meaning of his life as he faces a terminal illness. The depiction of death and mortality is portrayed through Ivan Ilyich’s introspection and existential contemplation as he realizes the emptiness of his life and the inevitability of death.
Freedom and Oppression	The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood	This novel explores the themes of freedom and oppression through a dystopian society where women are forced to bear children for wealthy couples and are denied basic human rights and freedoms. The depiction of freedom and oppression is conveyed through the experiences of the protagonist, Offred, as she navigates a repressive regime and yearns for liberation and autonomy.

Writing Style: Writing and Critiquing

Writing style is the artistic expression and unique voice of a writer. It includes choices in language, tone, and structure.

Introduction to Writing

Writing style is the artistic expression and unique voice of a writer. It includes choices in language, tone, and structure. Also shapes the reader’s experience, evokes emotions, and establishes an atmosphere, conveying meaning beyond the surface of the text. Through their writing style, authors create effective narratives that leave a lasting impression on their audience.

How to Create Writing Style

Creating a unique style in writing or any other form of art can be a challenging process, but here are a few tips that may help:

Step	How to Do it	Example
1.	Read widely: One of the best ways to develop your own style is to read widely in the genre or style that you are interested in.	If you aspire to write fantasy novels, read a variety of fantasy books from different authors to understand the different approaches and techniques they use. Analyze their use of world-building, character development, and narrative structure, and consider how you can incorporate these elements into your own writing.
2.	Experiment with different forms: Don’t be afraid to experiment with different forms and styles in your writing or art.	If you usually write poetry, try your hand at writing a short story or a screenplay. By exploring different forms, you can discover new ways of expressing yourself and find a style that resonates with you. Similarly, if you’re a visual artist, experiment with different mediums such as acrylics, watercolors, or mixed media to expand your artistic range.
3.	Focus on your strengths: Identify your strengths as a writer or artist and focus on developing these strengths further.	If you excel at creating compelling dialogue, focus on honing this skill by writing scenes that highlight strong and engaging conversations between characters. Polish your ability to capture the nuances of speech and use it to develop a unique writing style that showcases your talent in dialogue-driven storytelling.
4.	Be authentic: Authenticity is key when it comes to creating a unique style.	Rather than imitating the writing style of your favorite author, draw inspiration from their work and infuse it with your own experiences and perspective. Use your unique voice to tell stories that are authentic to your own background, beliefs, and emotions. This authenticity will give your writing or art a distinct quality that sets it apart.
5.	Practice, practice, practice: Creating a unique style takes time and practice. Keep writing or creating art regularly, and don’t be afraid to experiment and take risks.	Dedicate consistent time to writing or creating art, challenging yourself to try new techniques and push the boundaries of your comfort zone. Embrace the learning process, seek feedback, and revise your work. As you persist and evolve, your writing style will naturally develop into something that is uniquely yours.

Benefits of Style

Developing a unique writing style or style art, or any other creative pursuit can offer several benefits, including:

Recognition: A distinctive writing style can help you stand out from other writers or artists, making it easier for your work to be recognized and appreciated. This can help you build a following and gain more opportunities to showcase your work.
Branding: Developing a consistent writing style can help establish your brand as a writer or artist, making it easier for people to recognize your work and associate it with your name or brand.
Emotional Impact: A unique writing style can help you connect with your audience on a deeper emotional level. Whether it’s through the use of vivid imagery, powerful storytelling, or compelling visuals, a distinctive style can make your work more memorable and impactful.

Creative Freedom: Developing your own writing style can give you more creative freedom, as you are not bound by the conventions of a particular genre or style. This can allow you to explore new ideas and approaches, and create work that is truly original and unique.
Personal Satisfaction: Developing a unique style can be a satisfying and rewarding process, as it allows you to express yourself creatively and develop your own voice and perspective. This can help you feel more confident and fulfilled as a writer or artist.

Style and Literary Theory

Style is an important concept in literary theory, as it can be used to analyze and interpret literary works. Here are a few examples of how different literary theories approach the concept of style:

Literary Theory	Interpretation of Writing Style in Literary Theory	Examples from Literature
Formalism Literary Theory	Formalist literary theory focuses on the formal elements of a literary work, such as structure, language, and style. Formalists argue that style is an essential aspect of a literary work, as it can be used to create meaning and convey emotions.	In analyzing a poem’s style, formalists might focus on its meter, rhyme scheme, and figurative language to reveal how the poet’s skillful use of these elements contributes to the poem’s emotional impact. For example, in Robert Frost’s poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” formalists might discuss how the use of iambic tetrameter and rhymed quatrains creates a sense of rhythmic beauty that enhances the contemplative mood of the poem.
Reader-Response Literary Theory	Reader-response theorists argue that the meaning of a literary work is created by the reader’s response to it. In this view, style is important because it shapes the reader’s experience of the work and influences their emotional response to it.	When applying reader-response theory to a novel, scholars might analyze how the author’s use of a particular narrative style or point of view elicits various emotional responses from readers. For instance, in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, the use of a surreal and absurd narrative style prompts readers to empathize with the protagonist’s alienation and isolation, inviting diverse interpretations based on individual readers’ experiences and perspectives.
Structuralism Literary Theory	Structuralist literary theory emphasizes the role of language and structure in creating meaning. In this view, style is important because it can reveal underlying structures and patterns in a literary work.	In a structuralist analysis of a short story, scholars might examine how the author’s use of repetition, motifs, and parallelism contributes to the story’s overall meaning. In James Joyce’s “Araby,” a structuralist approach might reveal how the recurring image of light and darkness mirrors the protagonist’s emotional journey from innocence to disillusionment, uncovering deeper themes of loss and disillusionment in the narrative.
Postmodernism Literary Theory	Postmodernist literary theory emphasizes the fragmentation and instability of meaning. In this view, style is important because it can be used to disrupt traditional structures and create new, subversive meanings.	Postmodernist writers like Italo Calvino often experiment with fragmented narrative styles and metafictional techniques to challenge conventional storytelling. In Calvino’s novel If on a winter’s night a traveler, the constantly shifting narrative perspectives and playful engagement with the reader’s expectations subvert the traditional linear storytelling approach, blurring the line between fiction and reality, and inviting readers to question the nature of authorship and the act of reading itself.

Style: A Literary Device

Style refers to a manner of expression in communication. It encompasses elements such as language, tone, structure, and presentation.

Etymology of Style

The term “style” originates from the Latin stilus, meaning a writing instrument. It evolved to encompass the technique and manner of writing. It gradually extended to include diverse forms of expression such as appearance, behavior, and artistic composition.

However, it is a derivative of the Old French estile. It denotes distinctive features, characteristics, or mannerisms that differentiate individuals, objects, or creative works. Until now, style remains a versatile and multifaceted concept in fashion, art, design, writing, and other domains.

Meanings of Style

Context	General Definition	Description
General Definition	Distinctive manner of expression or specific approach	Style refers to an individual or entity’s unique way of doing something or expressing themselves.
Literary Context	Writer’s use of language for effect and message conveyance	In literature, style pertains to the author’s specific choices in language and writing techniques to convey a particular message or evoke certain emotions.
Artistic Context	Technique or approach employed by an artist in creating art	In art, style encompasses the distinct techniques, methods, and artistic choices an artist uses to create their work, which distinguishes them from others.
Fashion Context	Combination of clothing, accessories, and makeup for a specific look or image	In fashion, it involves the selection and arrangement of clothing, accessories, and makeup to create a unique and visually appealing image or appearance.
Multifaceted Concept	Applicable to language, art, fashion, and design.	Style is a multifaceted concept that applies across various creative disciplines, including language, art, fashion, and design. It represents a signature or distinct approach in each of these areas.

Grammar in Style

“Style” is a singular noun, but it can take a plural verb when referring to multiple styles. For example:

“The author’s style is unique.” (singular)
“The styles of these two writers differ greatly.” (plural verb “differ”)

In this sense, “styles” refers to multiple distinct manners of expression, and takes a plural verb to agree with the plural subject.

Definition of Style

This literary device refers to a distinctive and identifiable manner of expression in any form of communication. It encompasses various elements such as language, tone, structure, and presentation, and is often used to convey a particular message or evoke a certain effect. It could be applied to various fields, including literature, art, fashion, and design.

Types of Style

There are many types, each with its own unique characteristics and applications. Here are a few examples:

Type of Style	Explanation	Example
Writing Style	Refers to the manner in which a writer uses language to convey their message.	Descriptive, Narrative, Persuasive, Expository
Artistic Style	Refers to the particular approach or technique used by an artist to create a work of art.	Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism
Fashion Style	Refers to the way in which clothing, accessories, and makeup are combined to create a particular look or image.	Classic, Bohemian, Avant-garde
Architectural Style	Refers to the particular style or design used in the construction of buildings.	Gothic, Art Deco, Modernist
Musical Style	Refers to the particular genre or approach used in creating music.	Jazz, Rock, Classical, Hip hop
Interior Design Style	Refers to the particular approach or aesthetic used in the decoration and arrangement of indoor spaces.	Minimalist, Bohemian, Farmhouse
Culinary Style	Refers to the particular approach or technique used in the preparation and presentation of food.	French, Italian, Fusion Cuisine
Photography Style	Refers to the particular approach or aesthetic used in the creation of photographs.	Portrait, Landscape, Documentary
Film Style	Refers to the particular approach or technique used in the creation of films.	Documentary, Animation, Experimental
Dance Style	Refers to the particular genre or approach used in the creation and performance of dance.	Ballet, Hip Hop, Contemporary

Common Examples of Literary Style

Here are some common examples of literary style:

Stream of Consciousness: It mimics the natural flow of thoughts and feelings in a character’s mind. It often involves the use of long, uninterrupted sentences and frequent shifts in perspective.
Imagery: This refers to the use of vivid and descriptive language to create a mental image in the reader’s mind. Imagery can be used to evoke emotions, create atmosphere, or provide sensory details.
Satire: It uses irony, sarcasm, and humor to criticize or mock human behavior, often with a political or social message.

Symbolism: This uses symbols to represent ideas or concepts beyond their literal meaning. Symbolism can be used to add depth and meaning to a work of literature.
Formalism: It is a type of literary analysis that focuses on the structure, form, and language of a work of literature, rather than its social or historical context.

These are just a few examples which can vary widely depending on the author, genre, and historical context of a work of literature

Examples of Writing Style from Literature

Work	Extract	Explanation
J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye	“Holden Caulfield often uses phrases like ‘goddam,’ ‘phony,’ and ‘It killed me,’ which add to the realism of his character and create a sense of immediacy in the narration.”	Salinger employs colloquial language in The Catcher in the Rye to authentically capture the voice of the teenage protagonist, Holden Caulfield. This choice of language adds realism to the character and makes the narration feel immediate.
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby	“Fitzgerald describes Daisy Buchanan’s voice as ‘full of money,’ evoking a sensory experience that goes beyond the literal meaning and adds depth to the characterization.”	Fitzgerald’s writing style in The Great Gatsby is marked by lyrical and vivid descriptions. The example given shows how he uses poetic language to create sensory-rich descriptions, enhancing character depth and the novel’s atmosphere.
George Orwell’s Animal Farm	“Orwell exposes the hypocrisy and corruption of the ruling class with phrases like ‘All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.’ His concise language and impactful statements heighten the novel’s satirical tone.”	Orwell’s writing style in Animal Farm is straightforward yet masterfully conveys complex ideas. The quoted phrase demonstrates his ability to expose political themes using concise language and impactful statements that enhance the novel’s satirical tone.
Toni Morrison’s Beloved	“Morrison’s skillful use of symbolism can be seen in the repeated motif of water throughout the novel, symbolizing both life and death, freedom, and entrapment.”	Morrison’s writing style in Beloved is characterized by rich imagery and metaphors. The use of water as a symbol throughout the novel adds depth and multiple layers of meaning, enhancing the emotional impact on the readers.

This table provides insights into the distinct writing styles of these authors and how they employ specific techniques to convey their narratives and themes effectively in their respective works.

You may read more on Literary Devices Below:

Plot: A Literary Device

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