Burlesque: A Literary Device

Etymology of Burlesque

The term “burlesque” derives from the Italian word “burlesco,” which means “mockery” or “ridicule.” Its etymology goes back to the late 17th century, when it entered the English language as a literary and theatrical genre.

Initially, It used to refer to a form of comic entertainment that parodied or caricatured serious literary works, classical dramas, or societal conventions. It often involved exaggerated and humorous representations of characters and situations, using satire and humor to lampoon the highbrow or pompous.

With time, burlesque evolved into a broader form of entertainment that included bawdy humor, music, and dance. In the realm of theater, burlesque shows became known for their lively and risqué performances, particularly in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Today, it retains elements of parody and satire while embracing a wide range of artistic and comedic expressions, often with a focus on gender and sexuality. Its etymology reflects its historical origins as a form of playful mockery and social commentary.

Meanings of Burlesque

Aspect	Meanings
Parody and Satire	Burlesque involves the use of humor, exaggeration, and mockery to satirize or parody various subjects, including literary works, cultural norms, and societal conventions.
Theatrical Entertainment	It refers to a form of theatrical entertainment characterized by comedic and often risqué performances, featuring elements of music, dance, and humor. Burlesque shows became popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Gender and Sexuality	Modern form often explores themes related to gender and sexuality, with performers using humor, glamour, and sensuality to challenge and subvert traditional norms and expectations.
Exaggeration and Caricature	Burlesque often involves exaggerating and caricaturing characters and situations for comedic effect, creating a playful and lighthearted tone.
Artistic Expression	In contemporary contexts, it serves as a form of artistic expression that incorporates elements of cabaret, vaudeville, and comedy, allowing performers to showcase their creativity and individuality.
Social Commentary	At its core, it is a vehicle for social commentary, using humor and satire to critique and question societal values, prejudices, and taboos.

Definition of Burlesque

It is a form of artistic expression and entertainment characterized by the use of humor, exaggeration, and satire to parody various subjects, including literary works, cultural norms, and societal conventions.

It often features comedic and risqué performances, incorporating elements of music, dance, and humor. In contemporary contexts, it serves as a platform for artistic creativity and social commentary, challenging traditional norms and expectations while providing a playful and lighthearted form of entertainment.

Types of Burlesque

Type	Explanation	Example
Classical	This traditional form emerged in the 19th century and was known for its satirical and humorous parodies of classical works and societal conventions. It featured exaggerated characters and bawdy humor.	Example: In classical, a popular act was a humorous parody of Shakespearean plays, where characters and situations from works like “Hamlet” or “Romeo and Juliet” were comically exaggerated and caricatured for comedic effect.
Neo-Burlesque	A contemporary revival emerged in the late 20th century. Neo-burlesque combines elements of classic with modern themes, often incorporating social and political commentary. Performers in neo-burlesque may use satire and humor to challenge conventional ideas about gender, sexuality, and beauty.	Example: In neo-burlesque, a performer might create an act that uses humor and satire to comment on contemporary beauty standards, challenging social norms while entertaining the audience with a playful and subversive performance.
Comic	This type focuses primarily on humor and comedy. Performers use witty dialogue, slapstick humor, and physical comedy to entertain the audience. Comedic burlesque often involves exaggerated characters and humorous situations.	Example: In comic, a performer may create a hilarious routine where they portray a clumsy detective investigating a comically absurd crime, using physical comedy and witty banter to engage and amuse the audience.
Dance	A subgenre emphasizes dance as the primary form of expression. Dance type features elaborate choreography, often set to music, and combines elements of striptease with dance performances. It can range from classic dance styles to more contemporary forms.	Example: In dance, a performer might choreograph an energetic and seductive dance routine, combining elements of burlesque, cabaret, and contemporary dance styles to create a visually captivating and sensual performance.
Musical	This type incorporates music as a central element. Performers may sing, play musical instruments, or engage in musical comedy routines. Musical burlesque combines humor and music to create an entertaining and engaging experience.	Example: In musical burlesque, a performer might sing a humorous and satirical song about everyday life, using clever lyrics and catchy melodies to entertain the audience while offering a comedic take on relatable situations.
Drag	It features performers who often identify as LGBTQ+ and use drag personas to create comedic and glamorous acts. It blends elements of drag performance, burlesque, and cabaret, offering a unique and inclusive form of entertainment.	Example: In drag, a performer may combine the art of drag with burlesque by creating a glamorous and hilarious act that celebrates diversity and challenges gender norms, delivering both laughter and empowerment to the audience.

Common Examples of Burlesque

• Fashion: Vintage-inspired clothing, like corsets and feather boas, influence everyday fashion.
• Entertainment: Theater, film, and comedy incorporate its elements for humor and exaggeration.
• Nightlife: Such clubs and cabaret shows offer entertainment with risqué performances.
• Costume Parties: People often wear burlesque-inspired costumes for themed events.
• Dance: Sensual, flirtatious movements are seen in some dance performances.
• Marketing: Burlesque-style aesthetics are used in advertising for attention and playfulness.
• Music: Music videos and live performances sometimes feature burlesque-inspired visuals and costumes.
• Vintage Trend: A revival of vintage and retro culture brings its elements into modern life, from décor to event planning.

Suggested Readings

1. Abbott, Andrew. Burlesque: A Living History. Rutgers University Press, 2018.
2. Baldwin, Michelle. Burlesque and the New Bump-n-Grind. Speck Press, 2004.
3. Weldon, Jo. The Burlesque Handbook. HarperCollins, 2010.
4. Collins, Sheila. The Cambridge Introduction to Modernist Poetry. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
5. Foster, Gwendolyn Audrey. Performing Sex: The Making and Unmaking of Women’s Erotic Lives. Rutgers University Press, 2011.
6. Grindstaff, Laura. The Money Shot: Trash, Class, and the Making of TV Talk Shows. University of Chicago Press, 2002.
7. Ear, Edel. Cabaret Berlin: Revue, Kabarett and Film Music between the Wars. John Wiley & Sons, 2003.