Introduction: “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
“To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns first appeared in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect (1786), the same celebrated collection that established Burns as Scotland’s national poet. Written in April 1786, the poem was inspired when Burns accidentally turned up a small daisy with his plough, prompting a meditation on the fragility of life and the inevitability of human suffering. The poem begins with the tender address, “Wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r,” where the daisy’s humility and innocence symbolize purity and resilience amid harsh conditions. As Burns reflects, “Such is the fate of artless maid… / Till she, like thee, all soil’d, is laid / Low i’ the dust,” the flower becomes a poignant emblem of ruined innocence. The poet later identifies with the daisy, lamenting his own “luckless starr’d” existence as a “simple bard,” and universalizes the theme in lines such as “Such fate to suffering Worth is giv’n.” The poem’s enduring popularity lies in its fusion of natural imagery with human pathos, expressing compassion for the weak and reflecting Burns’s democratic sympathy for ordinary life. Through its lyrical Scots dialect and emotional sincerity, “To a Mountain Daisy” exemplifies Burns’s ability to transform a humble rural moment into a universal reflection on life’s transience and moral endurance.
Text: “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
On Turning One Down with the Plow, in April, 1786
Wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r,
Thou’s met me in an evil hour;
For I maun crush amang the stoure
Thy slender stem:
To spare thee now is past my pow’r,
Thou bonie gem.
Alas! it’s no thy neibor sweet,
The bonie lark, companion meet,
Bending thee ‘mang the dewy weet
Wi’ spreck’d breast,
When upward-springing, blythe, to greet
The purpling east.
Cauld blew the bitter-biting north
Upon thy early, humble birth;
Yet cheerfully thou glinted forth
Amid the storm,
Scarce rear’d above the parent-earth
Thy tender form.
The flaunting flowers our gardens yield
High shelt’ring woods an’ wa’s maun shield:
But thou, beneath the random bield
O’ clod or stane,
Adorns the histie stibble-field
Unseen, alane.
There, in thy scanty mantle clad,
Thy snawie-bosom sun-ward spread,
Thou lifts thy unassuming head
In humble guise;
But now the share uptears thy bed,
And low thou lies!
Such is the fate of artless maid,
Sweet flow’ret of the rural shade!
By love’s simplicity betray’d
And guileless trust;
Till she, like thee, all soil’d, is laid
Low i’ the dust.
Such is the fate of simple bard,
On life’s rough ocean luckless starr’d!
Unskilful he to note the card
Of prudent lore,
Till billows rage and gales blow hard,
And whelm him o’er!
Such fate to suffering Worth is giv’n,
Who long with wants and woes has striv’n,
By human pride or cunning driv’n
To mis’ry’s brink;
Till, wrench’d of ev’ry stay but Heav’n,
He ruin’d sink!
Ev’n thou who mourn’st the Daisy’s fate,
That fate is thine—no distant date;
Stern Ruin’s ploughshare drives elate,
Full on thy bloom,
Till crush’d beneath the furrow’s weight
Shall be thy doom.
Annotations: “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
| Stanza | Summary / Annotation | Key Literary & Poetic Devices |
| 1 | The poet addresses a small, beautiful daisy he has accidentally crushed while ploughing the field. He expresses sympathy and guilt for destroying such fragile beauty, calling it a “bonie gem.” | Apostrophe (direct address to the daisy); Personification (“Thou’s met me in an evil hour”); Imagery (“crimson-tippèd flow’r”); Alliteration (“Wee, modest”); Symbolism (daisy = innocence). |
| 2 | The daisy is compared to the lark, its joyful neighbor who sings to greet the dawn. Unlike the bird, the flower remains bound to the earth, symbolizing limitation and vulnerability. | Contrast (freedom of lark vs. fragility of daisy); Simile and Personification (“companion meet”); Visual Imagery (“dewy weet”); Tone of admiration and pity. |
| 3 | The poet notes that the daisy endured harsh northern winds but still blossomed bravely. It represents courage and endurance in the face of adversity. | Imagery (“Cauld blew the bitter-biting north”); Personification (“thou glinted forth”); Alliteration (“bitter-biting”); Symbolism (resilience). |
| 4 | Unlike protected garden flowers, the daisy grows in open, rough fields, unseen and unprotected, yet still beautiful. The stanza praises humble, unnoticed life. | Contrast (“garden flowers” vs. “stibble-field”); Symbolism (humility and isolation); Tone (admiring and reflective); Scots dialect (“bield,” “histie”). |
| 5 | The ploughshare tears up the daisy’s bed. Its delicate head and “snawie-bosom” (white petals) are destroyed. This symbolizes the death of innocence and the inevitability of fate. | Personification (“Thou lifts thy unassuming head”); Imagery (“sun-ward spread”); Metaphor (daisy’s fall = human downfall); Irony (life’s joy turned to ruin). |
| 6 | The poet compares the crushed daisy to an innocent country girl betrayed by love. Both are pure and simple yet fall victim to deceit and worldly cruelty. | Extended Simile (“Till she, like thee”); Moral Allegory (innocence destroyed); Pathos (evokes sympathy); Tone (mournful, moralizing). |
| 7 | Burns likens himself and other poets to the daisy—simple, unworldly souls lost in life’s stormy sea. The “simple bard” symbolizes Burns’s own struggles. | Self-reflexive Allusion (“simple bard” = Burns); Metaphor (life as stormy sea); Enjambment; Tone (personal and reflective). |
| 8 | The poet extends the image to all “suffering Worth”—good and virtuous people crushed by pride and deceit. Even righteousness cannot escape worldly ruin. | Parallelism (“Such fate to…” repeated); Moral Allegory; Irony (virtue suffers); Pathos; Tone (lamenting injustice). |
| 9 | In the final stanza, Burns admits that the daisy’s fate mirrors his own. Time’s “ploughshare” will eventually destroy him too. The poem ends with acceptance of human mortality and fate. | Symbolism (ploughshare = fate/death); Metaphor (life = field of destiny); Tone shift (from pity to resignation); Theme (shared mortality). |
Literary And Poetic Devices: “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
| No. | Device & Example | Detailed Explanation |
| 1 | Apostrophe – “Wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r” | Burns opens the poem by addressing the daisy directly, as if speaking to a living being capable of understanding. This apostrophic address establishes an intimate tone and allows the poet to project his emotions and moral reflections onto the humble flower. It transforms the daisy into a listener and moral companion, bridging the human and natural worlds. |
| 2 | Personification – “Thou lifts thy unassuming head” | The daisy is personified as modest and self-aware, “lifting” its head toward the sun in humility. This humanization deepens the reader’s emotional connection and turns the flower into a moral symbol of innocence and resilience, heightening the pathos of its destruction. |
| 3 | Imagery – “Thy snawie-bosom sun-ward spread” | Burns paints a vivid sensory image of the daisy’s white (“snawie”) petals glistening under the sunlight. Such visual imagery allows readers to see and feel the freshness of rural life, emphasizing the beauty of nature before it is destroyed by human activity. |
| 4 | Symbolism – The daisy as “bonie gem” | The daisy symbolizes purity, simplicity, and the fleeting nature of life. Its crushing by the plough becomes an emblem of the destruction of innocence by the harshness of worldly forces. Burns uses this symbol to comment on both individual suffering and universal mortality. |
| 5 | Simile – “Till she, like thee, all soil’d, is laid / Low i’ the dust.” | Burns compares the fate of a betrayed maiden to the crushed daisy, extending the flower’s tragedy into the human realm. The simile underscores the theme of lost innocence and shows how nature’s fragility mirrors human vulnerability. |
| 7 | Contrast – “The flaunting flowers our gardens yield… But thou… Adorns the histie stibble-field” | Burns contrasts the protected, luxurious garden flowers with the humble wild daisy thriving in rough fields. This contrast reveals his democratic sympathy for the unnoticed and oppressed, turning the daisy into a moral example of modest endurance. |
| 8 | Metaphor – “Stern Ruin’s ploughshare drives elate” | The ploughshare, representing destructive fate or time, metaphorically “drives” over the daisy and, symbolically, over human life. The metaphor expresses the inevitability of suffering and death, reminding readers that no one escapes life’s furrow of ruin. |
| 9 | Tone – Gentle, reflective, and mournful | The poem’s tone blends affection for the daisy with sadness at its destruction. Burns’s reflective mood transforms a simple rural accident into a profound meditation on fate, innocence, and mortality. The tone evokes empathy and moral awareness. |
| 10 | Dialect (Scots language) – Words like “maun,” “bonie,” “stibble-field” | The Scots dialect situates the poem in its authentic rural setting, preserving the musicality and warmth of Burns’s cultural heritage. It also universalizes the theme by grounding moral reflection in the simplicity of common folk and speech. |
| 11 | Enjambment – “For I maun crush amang the stoure / Thy slender stem” | The flowing continuation of thought from one line to the next mirrors the natural movement of the plough. It creates a conversational rhythm, reflecting both spontaneity and the continuity of human emotion in the face of unintended harm. |
| 12 | Irony – The poet admires the daisy yet destroys it | There is a tragic irony in the fact that the same hand that admires the daisy’s beauty also crushes it with the plough. This irony underscores the tension between human appreciation of nature and humanity’s destructive tendencies, adding moral depth to the poem. |
| 13 | Parallelism – “Such is the fate of artless maid… / Such is the fate of simple bard…” | The repetition of structure in successive stanzas creates a rhythmic moral pattern. It connects the fates of the maiden, the poet, and all “suffering Worth,” showing that innocence in every form is vulnerable to the ploughshare of fate. |
| 14 | Allusion – “By human pride or cunning driv’n / To mis’ry’s brink” | Burns alludes indirectly to human sin and moral corruption. The “pride” and “cunning” echo biblical warnings against arrogance and deceit, reinforcing the moral dimension of the poem and linking individual suffering to universal human failings. |
| 15 | Pathos – “And low thou lies!” | This exclamation evokes deep pity for the crushed daisy. The simple, direct phrasing captures both the physical fall of the flower and the emotional fall of innocence, drawing readers into shared sorrow and moral contemplation. |
| 16 | End Rhyme – “flow’r / pow’r,” “stem / gem” | Burns’s use of consistent rhyme pairs gives the poem a melodious, song-like quality. The rhyme reinforces unity between the stanzas and reflects the traditional Scottish lyrical form that contributed to his popularity. |
| 17 | Moral Allegory – The daisy’s destruction mirrors human destiny | Beneath the pastoral simplicity lies an allegory of human life—beauty, innocence, and virtue crushed by worldly forces. Burns moralizes nature’s incident, teaching readers humility and empathy toward the powerless. |
| 18 | Naturalism – “Cauld blew the bitter-biting north / Upon thy early, humble birth” | Burns realistically portrays the daisy’s struggle for survival in a harsh environment. This naturalistic detail grounds the poem in rural life and aligns human hardship with nature’s relentless cycles. |
| 19 | Foreshadowing – “That fate is thine—no distant date” | The poet predicts his own inevitable downfall, linking his fate with the daisy’s. This foreshadowing adds poignancy and introspection, turning a natural observation into a personal prophecy about mortality and ruin. |
| 20 | Metonymy – “Stern Ruin’s ploughshare” | The “ploughshare” stands for the destructive power of time, fate, or industrial progress. Burns uses this substitution to give abstract concepts a concrete form, reinforcing the image of life’s fragile beauty being overturned by inevitable forces. |
Themes: “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
Fragility of Innocence and Beauty
- “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns explores the fragility of innocence and beauty through the image of a delicate daisy crushed by the poet’s plough. Burns opens with pity for the “wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r” that meets him “in an evil hour,” showing how natural beauty and purity are easily destroyed by human actions. The daisy, small and helpless, symbolizes innocence—whether in nature or humanity—that cannot survive the harshness of the world. The line “To spare thee now is past my pow’r” reflects the inevitability of harm, even when unintended. Through this lament, Burns elevates a simple pastoral incident into a universal reflection on the vulnerability of all beautiful and innocent things to the destructive forces of life and fate.
Inevitability of Fate and Death
- “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns also embodies the theme of the inevitability of fate and death. The poet uses the ploughshare as a metaphor for time and destiny, forces that spare no life, no matter how virtuous or strong. The daisy’s destruction mirrors the fate of humans: “Such is the fate of artless maid,” “Such is the fate of simple bard,” and ultimately, “That fate is thine—no distant date.” These repetitions show how death and suffering are shared experiences that unite all creation. The “ploughshare” that tears through the earth becomes an image of life’s inevitable end, crushing the bloom of existence. Burns’s tone moves from regret to acceptance, concluding that just as the flower falls beneath the plough, every human must one day yield to mortality.
Sympathy for the Humble and Unnoticed
- “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns expresses deep sympathy for the humble and unnoticed. The poet admires the daisy’s modest existence “beneath the random bield o’ clod or stane,” contrasting it with the “flaunting flowers our gardens yield.” Unlike the pampered blossoms shielded by “woods and wa’s,” the wild daisy thrives in hardship, representing the resilience and quiet dignity of the poor and common people. Burns’s compassion for the uncelebrated mirrors his democratic spirit and empathy for rural life. By giving voice to the daisy’s silent endurance, he elevates the ordinary and unseen into a symbol of moral worth. This theme reflects Burns’s belief that simplicity, humility, and perseverance carry a beauty and strength often ignored by society.
Universality of Suffering and Moral Reflection
- “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns ultimately meditates on the universality of suffering and moral reflection. The poet connects the daisy’s fall with human experiences of betrayal, hardship, and loss. The “artless maid” deceived by love and the “simple bard” struggling in life’s “rough ocean” both share the flower’s fate—innocence crushed by worldly cruelty. Burns extends this idea to “suffering Worth,” lamenting how “human pride or cunning” drives even the virtuous to misery. The poem’s final acknowledgment—“That fate is thine—no distant date”—reveals Burns’s awareness of his own mortality and suffering. Thus, the poem becomes not only a pastoral elegy but also a profound moral meditation, showing how nature’s smallest tragedies reflect the shared destiny of all living beings.
Literary Theories and “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
| Literary Theory | Application to “To a Mountain Daisy” | References from the Poem & Explanation |
| 1. Romanticism | Romanticism emphasizes emotion, nature, and the individual’s connection to the natural world. Burns’s poem perfectly embodies Romantic ideals through its sympathy for a humble flower and the deep moral reflections it inspires. | Reference: “Wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r” — The daisy represents the beauty and fragility of nature, while the poet’s emotional reaction to its destruction reflects Romantic sensitivity. Explanation: The Romantic spirit is seen in Burns’s reverence for rural simplicity, his empathy for all living things, and his portrayal of nature as a mirror of human emotion. The poem’s heartfelt tone and focus on nature’s moral power illustrate Romantic humanism and the unity between man and nature. |
| 2. Humanism | Humanism values human dignity, moral reflection, and compassion. Burns uses the daisy as a metaphor for the common human condition, emphasizing empathy for the weak and oppressed. | Reference: “Such is the fate of artless maid… Till she, like thee, all soil’d, is laid / Low i’ the dust.” Explanation: Here, Burns equates the crushed flower with a deceived maiden, revealing his moral concern for innocence betrayed by pride and cunning. His humanistic outlook elevates ordinary life to poetic significance, affirming that every being—human or natural—deserves compassion and moral consideration. |
| 3. Marxist Theory | A Marxist reading highlights class struggle and the plight of the marginalized. The poem’s contrast between “flaunting flowers” and the “unseen” daisy suggests class inequality and social injustice. | Reference: “The flaunting flowers our gardens yield… But thou… Adorns the histie stibble-field / Unseen, alane.” Explanation: The protected garden flowers symbolize the privileged class, while the solitary daisy stands for the poor, humble worker. Burns’s sympathy for the neglected and downtrodden reflects his egalitarian ideals, revealing how natural imagery critiques social hierarchy and celebrates rural virtue over aristocratic luxury. |
| 4. Existentialism | An existentialist interpretation focuses on the inevitability of death and the search for meaning amid life’s transience. The daisy’s destruction symbolizes the human confrontation with mortality and fate. | Reference: “Stern Ruin’s ploughshare drives elate, / Full on thy bloom.” Explanation: The ploughshare represents the unstoppable force of time and destiny. Burns accepts the tragic inevitability of decay but finds meaning in the awareness of it. The poem’s closing lines reflect existential awareness—acknowledging life’s brevity while affirming the dignity of existence, even in ruin. |
Critical Questions about “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
1. How does Robert Burns use the daisy as a symbol of innocence and vulnerability?
- “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns uses the daisy as a poignant symbol of innocence, purity, and the fragility of life. The “wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r” (line 1) represents something small and beautiful destroyed by forces beyond its control—specifically, the poet’s ploughshare. Burns transforms this simple rural image into a reflection on how innocence in the world, whether human or natural, is easily crushed by power and circumstance. The daisy’s fate parallels that of the innocent and the powerless who suffer because of the world’s harsh realities. By calling the flower “bonie gem,” Burns elevates its humble beauty, yet laments that “To spare thee now is past my pow’r” (line 5), underscoring humanity’s helplessness in the face of inevitable destruction. The daisy thus becomes a universal emblem of purity vulnerable to fate’s cruelty.
2. In what ways does Burns connect human experience with the natural world in the poem?
- “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns intricately weaves the natural and human worlds together, showing how the condition of the flower mirrors human existence. Burns begins with a direct observation of nature—the crushed daisy—but gradually extends this image to moral and emotional reflections on life. He writes, “Such is the fate of artless maid” (line 31) and “Such is the fate of simple bard” (line 37), connecting the flower’s destruction to the downfall of innocent individuals and sensitive artists. The natural image becomes a vehicle for exploring human suffering, betrayal, and mortality. The “ploughshare” that cuts through the earth symbolizes both the farmer’s toil and the passage of time that affects all living things. In doing so, Burns suggests that nature and humanity share the same destiny—both are subject to cycles of growth, decay, and death.
3. What role does fate play in shaping the tone and message of the poem?
- “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns portrays fate as an unstoppable and impartial force governing both nature and human life. The poet’s tone shifts from sympathy to philosophical resignation as he acknowledges that destruction is a universal law. The line “Ev’n thou who mourn’st the Daisy’s fate, / That fate is thine—no distant date” (lines 49–50) reveals Burns’s awareness that no one, not even the observer, can escape destiny’s “ploughshare.” The inevitability of suffering—whether it be of the “artless maid” deceived by love or the “simple bard” lost in life’s storms—creates a somber, reflective tone. Fate in the poem is not merely tragic but instructive: it urges humility, reminding humans of their mortality and interconnectedness with all living things. Through this meditation, Burns transforms personal remorse into universal wisdom about the transient nature of existence.
4. How does Burns’s language and style enhance the emotional depth of the poem?
- “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns gains much of its emotional resonance from its use of Scots dialect, musical rhythm, and vivid imagery. Phrases like “Wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r” and “beneath the random bield o’ clod or stane” give the poem an authentic rural tone that grounds it in the simplicity of Scottish life. The natural diction and rhythmic rhyme scheme (a a a b a b) create a song-like quality that mirrors the tenderness of the poet’s emotions. Burns’s use of personification—“Thou lifts thy unassuming head”—makes the daisy appear almost human, deepening the reader’s empathy. His transition from concrete description to moral reflection lends the poem both intimacy and universality. The language’s blend of humility and lyricism allows the poem to move seamlessly from a field scene to a profound meditation on innocence, fate, and mortality, heightening its emotional power.
Literary Works Similar to “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
- “To a Mouse” by Robert Burns (1785) – Like “To a Mountain Daisy,” it reflects on a small, helpless creature destroyed by the plough, expressing sympathy and moral reflection on the fragility of life.
- “The Solitary Reaper” by William Wordsworth (1807) – Shares Burns’s Romantic admiration for rural simplicity and emotional depth, celebrating the dignity of common life and natural beauty.
- “Ode to a Nightingale” by John Keats (1819) – Echoes Burns’s meditation on transience and suffering, using a natural symbol (the bird) to explore mortality and the desire for eternal beauty.
- “The Cottar’s Saturday Night” by Robert Burns (1786) – Similar in its humanistic and moral tone, it glorifies humble rural life and the purity of ordinary people, much like the daisy’s modesty.
- “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” by Thomas Gray (1751) – Shares Burns’s compassion for the obscure and forgotten, turning simple rural imagery into a profound reflection on mortality and human equality.
Representative Quotations of “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
| Quotation | Context | Theoretical Perspective |
| 1. “Wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r” | The poet begins by addressing the daisy directly, admiring its humble beauty and innocence. | Romanticism: Celebrates the simplicity and purity of nature as a reflection of moral truth and emotional sincerity. |
| 2. “For I maun crush amang the stoure / Thy slender stem” | Burns laments the inevitability of harming the daisy while ploughing, symbolizing unintentional destruction. | Existentialism: Suggests the inevitability of suffering and the human struggle against forces beyond control. |
| 3. “Cauld blew the bitter-biting north / Upon thy early, humble birth” | Describes the daisy’s emergence in harsh conditions, emphasizing resilience and endurance. | Naturalism: Reflects the deterministic power of nature and how survival mirrors human perseverance amid adversity. |
| 4. “The flaunting flowers our gardens yield… But thou… Adorns the histie stibble-field” | Contrasts cultivated garden flowers with the wild daisy that grows unnoticed in the field. | Marxist Theory: Represents class contrast—the privileged versus the humble—echoing Burns’s sympathy for the oppressed. |
| 5. “Thou lifts thy unassuming head / In humble guise” | Portrays the daisy as modest and content despite its obscurity. | Humanism: Expresses moral admiration for humility and innocence, valuing dignity in ordinary existence. |
| 6. “Such is the fate of artless maid… Till she, like thee, all soil’d, is laid / Low i’ the dust.” | Compares the crushed daisy to a young maiden deceived by false love and betrayed innocence. | Feminist Criticism: Reveals patriarchal exploitation of female purity, linking natural fragility to gendered suffering. |
| 7. “Such is the fate of simple bard, / On life’s rough ocean luckless starr’d!” | The poet likens his own misfortunes to the daisy’s destruction, showing self-identification with vulnerability. | Romantic Autobiographical Criticism: Reflects Burns’s awareness of the poet’s precarious place in society and the emotional cost of sensibility. |
| 8. “By human pride or cunning driv’n / To mis’ry’s brink” | Critiques human arrogance and deceit as the root of suffering and social inequality. | Moral Humanism / Marxist View: Denounces pride and social injustice, aligning with Burns’s egalitarian ethics and sympathy for the poor. |
| 9. “Ev’n thou who mourn’st the Daisy’s fate, / That fate is thine—no distant date” | Burns acknowledges that he too will share the daisy’s fate, accepting mortality with stoic reflection. | Existentialism: Emphasizes the inevitability of death and the shared human condition, urging acceptance of impermanence. |
| 10. “Stern Ruin’s ploughshare drives elate, / Full on thy bloom” | The final image equates the ploughshare’s destruction of the daisy with fate’s crushing of human dreams. | Symbolism / Fatalism: The ploughshare symbolizes time and destiny, suggesting that ruin is an inescapable force governing all existence. |
Suggested Readings: “To a Mountain Daisy” by Robert Burns
Books
- Leask, Nigel Leask, ed. The Edinburgh Companion to Robert Burns. Edinburgh University Press, 2020.
- Burns, Robert. Understanding Robert Burns: Verse, Explanation and Glossary. Birlinn Ltd., 2002.
Academic Articles
- Bentman, R. Bentman. “The Romantic Poets and Critics on Robert Burns.” Studies in Romanticism, vol. 3, 1964, pp. 21-37. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/40753804
- Kime, Wayne R. Kime. “Washington Irving and ‘To a Mountain Daisy’: An Anecdote of Robert Burns in America.” Studies in Scottish Literature, vol. 10, no. 3, 2014. PDF, https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1987&context=ssl
Poem Websites
- “To a Mountain Daisy – Robert Burns.” Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43817/to-a-mountain-daisy
- “To a Mountain Daisy – Robert Burns Analysis.” PoetryVerse, https://www.poetryverse.com/robert-burns-poems/mountain-daisy/poem-analysis