Category: Essay Writing

Definition of Analytical Essay

An analytical essay is a type of academic writing that intends to examine and interpret a specific topic or subject matter by breaking it down into its parts and analyzing each of them critically. Unlike other types of essays that may focus on personal opinions or persuasive arguments, an analytical essay goes for objective analysis and reasoning supported by evidence.

The analytical essay typically begins with an introduction, having a hook, and background information followed by a thesis statement that articulates the main argument.

The body paragraphs of an analytical essay comprise a detailed analysis and evaluation of specific aspects or elements of the subject, using supporting evidence, examples, and logical reasoning. The essay concludes with a restatement of the thesis and a summary of the key findings and insights derived from the analysis. It ends with a clincher or a call to action or something novel or unique.

Major Parts of Analytical Essay

Here are some important parts or elements of a good analytical essay. They must be present if an essay is to be titled as an analytical essay.

Element	Detail
Introduction	This is the first part. It provides an overview of the topic through a hook and background and establishes the context for analysis.
Thesis Statement	It presents the main argument, or perspective. This is the heart of an analytical essay.
Body Paragraphs	Each paragraph focuses on a specific aspect or element of the subject matter, with analysis and supporting evidence.
Analysis	It breaks down the topic into its constituent parts, examining them in detail. This part is the main part due to which it is called an analytical essay.
Evidence	It uses relevant and credible evidence, such as examples, statistics, or quotations, to support the analysis.
Logical Reasoning	It applies logical and critical thinking to interpret the evidence and draw conclusions.
Coherence and Organization	It ensures that ideas and arguments flow logically and are well-connected.
Conclusion	It summarizes the main findings of the analysis.
Language and Style	It employs concise and precise language, maintaining a formal and academic tone.
Citations and Referencing	It acknowledges and properly cites any external sources used in the essay, following the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).
Revision and Proofreading	It reviews the essay for clarity, coherence, grammar, and spelling errors, making necessary revisions before final submission.

Functions of Analytical Essay

1. Examination and Analysis: Analyzing a specific topic or subject matter in-depth to gain a deeper understanding of its components, elements, or underlying principles.
2. Interpretation: Interpreting the evidence and information gathered during the analysis to derive meaningful insights.
3. Critical Thinking: Applying logical and critical thinking skills to evaluate the topic objectively, considering various perspectives, strengths, weaknesses, and implications.
4. Evidence-Based Reasoning: Supporting arguments and claims with relevant and credible evidence such as examples, data, research findings, or expert opinions.
5. Clear Presentation of Ideas: Presenting ideas, arguments, and analysis in a structured and organized manner.
6. Development of Argument: Presenting a well-defined and coherent argument or perspective.
7. Persuasion and Influence: Convincing and persuading the readers significance of the argument or perspective presented.
8. Insightful Conclusion: Summarizing the key findings and insights derived from the analysis.
9. Contribution to Knowledge: Contributing to the existing body of knowledge on the topic.
10. Academic Skills Development: Enhancing critical thinking, research, analysis, and writing skills.

Examples of Analytical Essay Topics and Details

Topic	Thesis Statement	Paragraph Points
The Representation of Gender Roles in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre	Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre challenges traditional Victorian gender roles, depicting a resilient and independent female protagonist, exploring power dynamics, and subverting societal expectations.	1. The portrayal of Jane Eyre as a non-conforming and assertive female character.
		2. The examination of power dynamics between genders, particularly through the character of Mr. Rochester.
		3. The subversion of societal expectations, such as Jane’s refusal to accept a submissive role.
Social Critique in Charles Dickens’ Hard Times	Charles Dickens’ Hard Times serves as a social critique on Victorian society’s obsession with industrialization and utilitarian principles through the dehumanization of characters, exposure of class divisions, and criticism of ducation systems.	1. The dehumanization of characters in an industrialized society.
		2. The portrayal of class divisions and the consequences of rigid social structures.
		3. The critique of education systems that prioritize utilitarianism and individual development.
The Role of Science and Religion in Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles	In Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles, the conflict between science and religion is explored through the character’s struggles with fate and free will, the examination of moral responsibility, and the juxtaposition of natural and supernatural elements.	1. The protagonist’s internal conflict between accepting her predetermined fate and asserting her free will.
		2. The exploration of moral responsibility concerning relations to social expectations and religious beliefs.
		3. The use of natural and supernatural elements to emphasize the tension between science and religion.
The Theme of Imperialism in Rudyard Kipling’s The Man Who Would Be King	Rudyard Kipling’s The Man Who Would Be King reflects the theme of imperialism through the characters’ desire for power and control, the exploration of cultural clashes, and the critique of the notion of the “white man’s burden.”	1. The characters’ pursuit of power and control as a manifestation of imperialistic ideals.
		2. The examination of the cultural clash between the colonizers and the colonized.
		3. The critique of the “white man’s burden” ideology and its implications.
Symbolism in Christina Rossetti’s Poetry	Christina Rossetti’s poetry employs symbolism to convey themes of love, loss, and spirituality, as demonstrated through the symbolism of flowers, the exploration of religious motifs, and the use of color imagery.	1. Symbolism of flowers to represent various emotions and experiences. 2. Religious motifs 3. Colorful images

Suggested Readings

1. Bahaziq, Afnan. “Cohesive Devices in Written Discourse: A Discourse Analysis of a Student’s Essay Writing.” English Language Teaching 9.7 (2016): 112-119.
2. Cavell, Stanley. Must We Mean What We Say?: A Book of Essays. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
3. Lodge, David. The Language of Fiction: Essays in Criticism and Verbal Analysis of the English Novel. Routledge, 2015.
4. Savage, Alice, and Patricia Mayer. Effective Academic Writing: The Short Essay. Oxford University Press, 2006.

Background information provides context and foundational knowledge about the subject matter. Some other important features are as follows.

• It helps readers understand the topic and its significance.
• It includes historical facts, definitions of key terms, relevant statistics, or key events.
• It establishes the framework for the essay.
• It orients the reader and ensures they have a solid understanding of the topic.
• It provides a basis for the thesis statement and helps the reader grasp the relevance and importance of the topic.

Types of Background Information

• Historical Background: It provides information about the historical context relevant to the topic such as key events, periods, or developments that have shaped the subject matter.
• Conceptual Background: It explains important concepts, theories, or frameworks related to the topic, ensuring that readers have a clear understanding of the fundamental ideas.
• Definition of Key Terms: It clarifies the definitions of specific terms or terminology used in the essay to avoid confusion.
• Statistical Background: It presents relevant statistics, data, or facts that support or contextualize the argument or analysis.
• Literary or Textual Background: It offers background information about a literary work, author, or text that is being analyzed or discussed in the essay, providing the necessary context for understanding the text’s themes, historical context, or authorial intent.
• Social or Cultural Background: It explores the social or cultural aspects related to the essay’s topic, such as societal norms, cultural practices, or prevailing attitudes that influence or intersect with the subject matter.
• Policy or Legal Background: It provides an overview of relevant policies, laws, or regulations that are pertinent to the topic, establishing the legal framework or context within which the subject matter operates.
• Scientific or Technical Background: It presents scientific principles, technical information, or methodologies crucial for comprehending the scientific or technical subject matter.
• Biographical Background: It offers biographical details or information about individuals relevant to the topic, such as historical figures, authors, or key personalities.
• Geographical or Spatial Background: This type provides geographical or spatial information essential for understanding the subject matter.

Functions of Background Information in an Essay

• Foundational Context: Background information serves as the foundation for the essay, providing essential context and knowledge to understand the subject matter.
• Establishing Relevance: It establishes the relevance of the topic and its significance within a broader context, highlighting why it is worthy of discussion or analysis.
• Reader Orientation: It orients the reader by familiarizing them with key concepts, terms, or historical events related to the topic.
• Enhancing Understanding: Background information enhances the readers’ understanding of the subject matter by providing essential information, statistics, or explanations.
• Supporting Thesis Development: Background information supports the development of the thesis statement by providing the necessary groundwork for the main arguments.
• Promoting Credibility: By incorporating well-researched and accurate background information, the essay gains credibility and demonstrates the knowledge of the writer/student.
• Avoiding Assumptions: Background information helps avoid assumptions by ensuring that readers, regardless of their prior knowledge, have access to the necessary information.
• Fostering Engagement: By establishing a strong foundation of background information, the essay engages the reader and invites them to explore the topic further.
• Integration with Analysis: Background information seamlessly integrates with the essay’s analysis, providing a solid framework for the interpretation, evaluation, or critique of the subject matter.
• Continual Reference Point: Background information also serves as a continual reference point throughout the essay, grounding the discussion and reinforcing the relevance and context of the arguments.

Examples of Background Information and Explanation

Type	Example	Explanation
Historical Background	During the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, there was a significant shift from agrarian societies to urbanized industrial centers. This transformation brought about profound changes in manufacturing processes, transportation systems, and the overall socioeconomic landscape.	This example provides historical background information to contextualize the essay’s discussion on the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society. It sets the stage by highlighting the period and the broad social changes that it witnessed.
Conceptual Background	In psychology, cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when an individual holds contradictory beliefs or attitudes. This theory, developed by Leon Festinger in the 1950s, explores the mechanisms individuals employ to reduce cognitive dissonance and maintain consistency in their thoughts and behaviors.	Here, the background information introduces the concept of cognitive dissonance in psychology. It helps readers understand the theoretical framework underlying the  analysis of decision-making processes and human behavior.
Statistical Background	According to recent studies conducted by the World Health Organization, approximately 1 in 4 adults worldwide is affected by hypertension, a chronic medical condition characterized by high blood pressure. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other health complications.	This example provides statistical background information to underscore the prevalence and significance of hypertension as a health issue. It supports the discussion on the importance of early detection, prevention, and management of hypertension.
Social or Cultural Background	In Japanese culture, the concept of “omotenashi” holds great importance. Omotenashi refers to traditional Japanese hospitality and the philosophy of selfless service, ensuring the utmost comfort and satisfaction of guests or customers.	Here it offers insights into the cultural values and practices of Japan. It sets the context for discussing the significance of omotenashi in the hospitality industry and its impact on customer experiences and satisfaction.

Suggested Readings

1. Connelly, Mark. Get Writing: Paragraphs and Essays. Cengage Learning, 2012.
2. Taylor, Gordon. A Student’s Writing Guide: How to Plan and Write Successful Essays. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
3. Wingersky, Joy, Janice K. Boerner, and Diana Holguin-Balogh. Writing Paragraphs And Essays: Integrating Reading, Writing, and Grammar Skills. Cengage Learning, 2008.

More from Essay Writing:

• Quantitative Thesis Statement
• Theory-Based Thesis Statement

Introduction

A quantitative thesis statement outlines the main objective and approach of a research study or essay conducted using quantitative research methods. It highlights the researcher’s purpose how he is going to collect and analyze data to measure abstract concepts such as relationships, patterns, or trends within a specific population or sample.

A quantitative thesis statement identifies the context, the variables of interest, and the type of statistical analysis. It also determines the objective and empirical nature of the research, focusing on measurable outcomes and the generalizability of findings.

This thesis statement, therefore, serves as a guide for designing the study, selecting appropriate data collection methods, and conducting statistical analyses to answer research questions or test hypotheses based on quantitative data.

Features of a Quantitative Thesis Statement

Feature	Explanation
1. Research Context	Identify and describe the specific research context. Provide a brief overview of the broader field or topic area.
2. Research Objective or Purpose	Clearly state the main objective. Specify the specific research questions.
3. Variables of Interest	Identify and define the key variables or concepts. Clearly state the relationship or comparison between these variables.
4. Research Design and Methodology	Describe the overall research design and methodology. Specify the data collection methods, such as questionnaires or experiments.
5. Sample and Population	Define the target population. Specify the sample size.
6. Statistical Analysis	Outline the specific statistical analyses. Highlight the statistical tests and measures of central tendency.
7. Expected Results or Findings	Provide a brief statement about the expected results. Highlight the potential implications or contributions.
8. Limitations and Scope	Acknowledge the limitations. Define the scope and boundaries.

Types of Quantitative Thesis Statements

1. Descriptive Quantitative Thesis Statement:
   • “This quantitative study provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and educational attainment of a specific population, offering insights into the factors influencing educational outcomes.”
2. Comparative Quantitative Thesis Statement:
   • “This comparative quantitative research examines and compares the effectiveness of two different teaching methods in improving elementary school students’ mathematical problem-solving skills, aiming to identify the most effective instructional approach.”
3. Correlational Quantitative Thesis Statement:
   • “This correlational quantitative study explores the relationship between social media usage and self-esteem levels among adolescents, aiming to determine whether higher levels of social media engagement are associated with lower self-esteem scores.”

Process of Writing Quantitative Thesis Statement

Step	Explanation	Practical Example
1. Identify the Research Objective	Clearly define the main objective of the study and the specific research questions or hypotheses to be addressed.	Objective: To examine the relationship between sleep duration and academic performance among college students. Research Questions: Does sleep duration impact students’ GPA? Is there a correlation between sleep duration and exam scores?
2. Define the Variables	Identify and define the key variables: independent variables (predictors) and dependent variables (outcomes).	Independent Variable: Sleep duration Dependent Variables: GPA, exam scores
3. Choose the Research Design	Select an appropriate research design (experimental, correlational, or survey) that aligns with the research objective and variables.	Research Design: Correlational design using surveys to assess sleep duration and academic performance.
4. Determine the Sampling Strategy	Determine the target population and specify the sampling strategy (random, stratified, convenience) based on feasibility and representativeness.	Target Population: College students Sampling Strategy: Stratified sampling based on academic majors to ensure representation from different disciplines.
5. Select Data Collection Methods	Choose appropriate data collection methods (surveys, questionnaires, experimental tasks, existing datasets) based on the research design.	Data Collection Method: Online surveys asking students about their sleep habits and academic performance.
6. Define Data Analysis Techniques	Specify the statistical analysis techniques to be used based on research questions and data characteristics.	Data Analysis Techniques: Pearson correlation coefficient to measure the relationship between sleep duration and academic performance.
7. Craft a Concise Thesis Statement	Summarize the main components of the research in a clear thesis statement reflecting objectives, variables, design, data collection, and analysis.	Thesis Statement: This study explores the correlation between sleep duration and academic performance among college students using a correlational design and survey data collection.
8. Refine and Review	Review the thesis statement for clarity and coherence, and revise as needed to accurately represent key research elements.	Refinement: The thesis statement is revised to ensure that it explicitly mentions the stratified sampling strategy and the use of the Pearson correlation coefficient for analysis.

By following these steps, a quantitive thesis statement could be developed to have a strong focus on the topic. It ensures that your research objective, variables of interest, research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques are effectively communicated and aligned with the principles of quantitative research.

Examples of Quantitative Thesis Statement

Topic: Effects of Exercise on Blood Pressure

Thesis

Explanation with Key Points

Quantitative Thesis Statement: “Investigating the impact of aerobic exercise on blood pressure levels among middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial.”

Explanation: In this example, the topic is the effects of exercise on blood pressure. The thesis statement indicates the intention to conduct a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on blood pressure levels among middle-aged adults. The research aims to collect quantitative data on blood pressure measurements before and after the exercise intervention to determine whether aerobic exercise has a significant effect on reducing blood pressure in this population.

Topic: Customer Satisfaction in E-commerce

Thesis

Explanation with Key Points

Quantitative Thesis Statement: “Examining the relationship between website usability and customer satisfaction in e-commerce: A survey-based study.”

Explanation: This example focuses on customer satisfaction in the context of e-commerce. The thesis statement states that the study will examine the relationship between website usability and customer satisfaction using a survey-based approach. The research aims to collect quantitative data through surveys to assess customers’ perceptions of website usability and their level of satisfaction. By analyzing the data, the study seeks to determine the extent to which website usability influences customer satisfaction in the e-commerce domain.

 Topic: Impact of Financial Education on Savings Behavior

Thesis

Explanation with Key Points

Quantitative Thesis Statement: “Assessing the impact of financial education programs on savings behavior among college students: A longitudinal study.”

Explanation: In this example, the topic is the impact of financial education on savings behavior. The thesis statement indicates the intention to conduct a longitudinal study to assess the impact of financial education programs on savings behavior among college students. The research aims to collect quantitative data over an extended period to measure changes in savings behavior as a result of participating in financial education programs. By analyzing the data, the study seeks to determine whether financial education has a significant effect on improving savings behavior among college students.

These examples illustrate how quantitative thesis statements outline the research topic and focus on the sty type. They set the direction for research aim to examine topics, using numerical data in various fields.

Suggested Readings

1. Butler, Linda. Longman Academic Writing Series 1: Sentences to Paragraphs. Pearson, 2013.
2. Hogue, Ann. Longman Academic Writing Series 2: Paragraphs. Pearson, 2013.
3. Meyers, Alan. Longman Academic Writing Series 5: Essays to Research Papers. Pearson, 2014.
4. Nadell, Judith, et al. The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Research Guide, and Handbook. Pearson, 2013.
5. Oshima, Alice, and Ann Hogue. Longman Academic Writing Series 3: Paragraphs to Essays. Pearson, 2014.
6. Oshima, Alice, and Ann Hogue. Longman Academic Writing Series 4: Essays. Pearson, 2014.
7. Shields, MunLing. Essay Writing: A Student’s Guide. Pearson, 2016.
8. Acheson, Katherine O. Writing Essays About Literature: A Brief Guide for University and College Students. Cengage, 2010.
9. Griffith, Kelley. Writing Essays About Literature: A Guide and Style Sheet. Cengage, 2018.

Introduction

A theory-based thesis statement presents a central argument or a claim grounded in established theories or concepts or perspectives or lenses. This thesis statement goes beyond providing factual information in the essay.

Instead, they use theoretical frameworks to analyze, interpret, or evaluate a specific topic or issue. By incorporating theory into a theory-based thesis statement, students/writers are required to demonstrate their understanding of relevant theoretical perspectives to set the direction for further research or analysis.

The theory-based thesis statement adds depth by connecting it to broader theoretical discussions in the field. It is how it showcases the ability of the student/writer to critically engage with the existing body of knowledge and contribute to the existing scholarly discourse.

Main Features of Theory-Based Thesis Statement

Feature	Explanation/Detail
1. Clear Assertion	The thesis statement presents a clear and specific claim based on theories or concepts.
2. Theoretical Framework	It identifies and specifies the theoretical framework or perspective used to analyze the topic or issue.It highlights the relevant theories or concepts.
3. Analysis or Interpretation	It states how the selected theory is to be applied to analyze, interpret, or evaluate the topic. It explains the relationship between the theory and the specific context.
4. Original Contribution	It indicates how the theory-based analysis or interpretation contributes to existing knowledge. It highlights unique insights or perspectives.
5. Scope and Limitations	It clearly defines the scope of the thesis statement by specifying the particular aspects.It acknowledges any limitations or potential challenges in applying the theory.
6. Research Direction	It provides a sense of direction for the research.It outlines the key arguments or supporting points.

These features make up the foundation of a theory-based thesis statement. This statement allows the writers/students to present a clear and focused argument rooted in established theories or concepts. By incorporating these elements, a theory-based thesis statement aims to show a new perspective of looking at things by interpreting the written discourse.

Types of Theory-Based Thesis Statement

Type	Thesis Statement	Explanation
Application of Theory to a Specific Context	“The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson unveils the underlying class struggle and social inequality inherent in the seemingly idyllic community.	This thesis applies Marxist theory to analyze power dynamics and economic disparities within the community of “The Lottery.” It highlights the deeper social commentary and critique of capitalism in the story.
Comparative Analysis of Theoretical Perspectives	Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Tell-Tale Heart” demonstrates contrasting perspectives on language, meaning, and the construction of reality.	This thesis performs a comparative analysis of structuralism and poststructuralism in relation to the story. It explores how these theories offer insights into language’s role in meaning-making and narrative construction.
Development or Modification of Existing Theory	Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story “The Birthmark” presents a nuanced exploration of the human psyche, delving into the destructive effects of perfectionism and the complexities of desire.	This thesis proposes the adaptation of Freudian psychoanalytic theory to analyze the psychological consequences of pursuing perfection. It acknowledges the story’s contribution to the expansion of psychological theory through its portrayal of human desires and their consequences.

These thesis statements and their explanations demonstrate different approaches to literary analysis by applying various theoretical lenses to specific texts. They showcase the depth and complexity uncovered when examining literature through the perspectives of different theories.

Process of Writing a Theory-Based Thesis Statement:

Step	Details
Familiarize Yourself with Relevant Theories	Conduct thorough research to identify relevant theories or frameworks
	Gain a comprehensive understanding of the key concepts, principles, and assumptions underlying the theories.
Identify the Research Context	Determine the specific context or problem
	Consider the aspects of the topic
Select a Theoretical Framework	Choose a theory or framework that aligns with your research context
	Evaluate the suitability of the theory in providing insights or explanations
Craft a Clear and Focused Assertion	Develop a concise thesis statement
	Ensure that the thesis statement explicitly/implicitly mentions the theory
Outline the Analysis or Interpretation	Describe how the selected theory will be applied to analyze, interpret, or evaluate the research context.
	Identify the key concepts or principles of the theory that will be used to support your argument.
Consider the Research Contributions	Reflect on the original contributions your analysis or interpretation will make to the existing body of knowledge.
	Identify the unique insights, implications, or extensions that arise from applying the theory to your research context.
Revise and Refine	Review your theory-based thesis statement for clarity, coherence, and relevance.
	Revise as needed to ensure that the thesis statement accurately represents your research goals and aligns with the chosen theory.

Examples of Theory-Based Thesis Statement

Topic	Theory-Based Thesis Statements	Theory and Other Components
Gender Roles in “Hamlet”	Feminist perspective of Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” reveals the subversion of traditional gender roles and challenges patriarchy.	Theory: Feminist theory Application: Analyzing gender roles and patriarchy in the play Context: Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”
The Nature of Evil in Heart of Darkness	Comparison of existentialism and postcolonial when applied to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness shows the nature of evil and the impact of colonialism.	Theory 1: Existentialism Theory 2: Postcolonial theory Comparative Analysis: Exploring the nature of evil and colonialism in the novel
Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter	When viewed through Jungian perspective, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter unveils the symbolic representations of the collective unconscious.	Theory: Jungian psychology Modification: Applying Jungian psychology to analyze symbolism Context: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter
Postmodernism in Slaughterhouse-Five	Postmodern perspective highlights the fragmented narrative and the questioning of linear time in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five.	Theory Development: Postmodernist theory Analysis: Examining fragmented narrative and non-linear time in the novel Context: Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five
Social Class in Pride and Prejudice	Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice exposes the influence of social class and economic disparities on character interactions and societal norms when analyzed through Marxist perspective.	Theory: Marxist theory Analysis: Examining social class and economic disparities in the novel Context: Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice

Suggested Readings

1. Butler, Linda. Longman Academic Writing Series 1: Sentences to Paragraphs. Pearson, 2013.
2. Hogue, Ann. Longman Academic Writing Series 2: Paragraphs. Pearson, 2013.
3. Meyers, Alan. Longman Academic Writing Series 5: Essays to Research Papers. Pearson, 2014.
4. Nadell, Judith, et al. The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Research Guide, and Handbook. Pearson, 2013.
5. Oshima, Alice, and Ann Hogue. Longman Academic Writing Series 3: Paragraphs to Essays. Pearson, 2014.
6. Oshima, Alice, and Ann Hogue. Longman Academic Writing Series 4: Essays. Pearson, 2014.
7. Shields, MunLing. Essay Writing: A Student’s Guide. Pearson, 2016.
8. Acheson, Katherine O. Writing Essays About Literature: A Brief Guide for University and College Students. Cengage, 2010.
9. Griffith, Kelley. Writing Essays About Literature: A Guide and Style Sheet. Cengage, 2018.
10. Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. 3rd ed., Routledge, 2015.
11. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. 3rd ed., University of Minnesota Press, 2008.

Introduction

A qualitative thesis statement outlines the central argument or claim. It typically highlights the writers’ objective to explore, investigate and interpret subjective experiences, and deduce meanings.

A qualitative thesis statement identifies these three issues of an essay;

1. Specific Research Context
2. Central Phenomenon of Interest
3. Objective

This type of thesis statement provides a clear direction and focus for the investigation of subjective experiences, social interactions, or cultural phenomena, and emphasizes the importance of capturing context-specific understandings and meanings.

Features of Qualitative Thesis Statement

Feature	Detail
1. Research Context	Identify and describe the specific research context.
	Provide a brief overview of the broader field or topic area .
2. Central Phenomenon	Articulate the central phenomenon or topic.
	Specify the particular aspects, experiences, or social interactions.
3. Research Approach	Indicate the research methods to explore the chosen phenomenon.
	Highlight the specific methods or techniques such as interviews, observations, or analysis.
4. Interpretive Nature	Acknowledge the interpretive nature of qualitative research
	Recognize that the study will involve interpretation, analysis, and personal insights
5. Aim or Objective	State the overarching aim or objective of the research
	Specify the specific contributions or insights
6. Importance of Context	Emphasize the significance of capturing context-specific understandings, meanings, and perspectives.
	Highlight the researcher’s commitment to exploring the complexities and nuances of the chosen phenomenon

These elements/features make up the important steps in writing a qualitative thesis statement. These features provide a clear and concise outline of the context, the central argument, and the objective of the study. With these features, a thesis statement contributes to the understanding of subjective experiences, social interactions, or cultural phenomena.

Types of Qualitative Thesis Statement

1. Phenomenological Exploration:

• Example: “Exploring the lived experiences of cancer survivors: A phenomenological study.”
• Explanation: In this type of qualitative thesis statement, the focus is on understanding the subjective experiences of a specific group of individuals. The example highlights the intention of the researcher to conduct a phenomenological study that explores the lived experiences of cancer survivors. The research aims to uncover the essence and meaning of their experiences, offering deep insights into the unique challenges, coping mechanisms, and personal growth associated with cancer survival.

2. Grounded Theory Development:

• Example: “Developing a grounded theory of nurse-patient communication in palliative care settings.”
• Explanation: This type of qualitative thesis statement aims to develop or refine a theory or conceptual framework based on empirical data. The example shows a grounded theory study exploring nurse-patient communication within palliative care settings. The research aims to iteratively collect and analyze data to generate new concepts and theories that emerge from the data, contributing to a deeper understanding of effective communication in this specific context.

3. Ethnographic Inquiry:

• Example: “Uncovering cultural practices and social dynamics in a rural farming community: An ethnographic study.”
• Explanation: In this type of qualitative thesis statement, the focus is on an individual experience of a specific culture or social context to gain a comprehensive understanding. The example highlights an ethnographic study in a rural farming community, aiming to explore cultural practices and social dynamics. The research involves participant observation, interviews, and analysis of artifacts.

These examples demonstrate different types of qualitative thesis statements, each with a specific focus and research objective. Phenomenological exploration, actually, aims to understand subjective experiences, grounded theory development focuses on theory building, and ethnographic inquiry takes the researcher to a specific culture or social context. The choice of the qualitative thesis statement type depends on the research goals, the phenomenon of interest, and the desired contributions to knowledge within the field.

Process of Writing Qualitative Thesis Statement

1. Identify Focus:

• Determine the specific topic or phenomenon you are going to focus on.
• Clarify the key aspects, experiences, or social interactions

2. Determine Approach:

• Choose a qualitative research approach such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, or narrative inquiry.
• Consider a suitable approach for capturing the depth and richness of data.

3. Define Context:

• Specify the specific context or setting in which your research will take place.
• Identify the relevant individuals, groups, or communities to do research

4. Clear Research Question:

• Develop a research question that encapsulates the central aim or objective
• Ensure that the question reflects the specific focus, approach, and context

5. Articulate Interest:

• Clearly state the central phenomenon or topic
• Highlight the specific aspects, experiences, or social interactions

6. Describe Data Collection Methods:

• Outline the qualitative data collection methods
• Explain how these methods will enable you to gather in-depth, rich, and context-specific data

7. Acknowledge Interpretive Nature of the Study:

• Recognize that qualitative research involves interpretation and meaning-making.
• Highlight your commitment to capturing and analyzing subjective experiences

8. Specify Intended Contributions:

• Identify the specific contributions or insights
• Highlight how your study will expand knowledge, inform practice, or challenge existing understandings

9. Revise and Refine:

• Review your qualitative thesis statement
• Revise as needed to ensure that it accurately reflects the focus, approach, context, and objectives

Examples of Qualitative Thesis Statement

Topic	Thesis Statement
1. Mental Health Stigma	This study goes deeper into the experiences of individuals with mental illness, challenges stigma, and promotes social inclusion by advocating for empathy, understanding, and education.
2. Workplace Diversity	The essay explores the lived experiences of individuals with mental illness, confronting stigma while advocating for empathy, understanding, and education to promote social inclusion.
3. Parenting Experiences	Analyzing contemporary family dynamics, the essay investigates the evolving facets of fatherhood, including the balancing of gender roles, work-life equilibrium, and emotional bonding within modern families.
4. Online Learning	This research delves into the encounters of students within online learning settings, exploring their ability to adapt, levels of engagement, and resulting academic achievements.

These examples demonstrate how qualitative thesis statements clearly articulate the topic of interest, the specific focus of the study, and the intended contributions to knowledge within the chosen research area. They set the foundation for qualitative research studies that aim to explore lived experiences, understand perspectives, and generate insights that can inform practices and policies in various domains.

 NOTE: It must be kept in mind that these qualitative statements are for research essays and studies and not for short student essays used at lower levels.

Suggested Readings

1. Butler, Linda. Longman Academic Writing Series 1: Sentences to Paragraphs. Pearson, 2013.
2. Hogue, Ann. Longman Academic Writing Series 2: Paragraphs. Pearson, 2013.
3. Meyers, Alan. Longman Academic Writing Series 5: Essays to Research Papers. Pearson, 2014.
4. Nadell, Judith, et al. The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Research Guide, and Handbook. Pearson, 2013.
5. Oshima, Alice, and Ann Hogue. Longman Academic Writing Series 3: Paragraphs to Essays. Pearson, 2014.
6. Oshima, Alice, and Ann Hogue. Longman Academic Writing Series 4: Essays. Pearson, 2014.
7. Shields, MunLing. Essay Writing: A Student’s Guide. Pearson, 2016.
8. Acheson, Katherine O. Writing Essays About Literature: A Brief Guide for University and College Students. Cengage, 2010.
9. Griffith, Kelley. Writing Essays About Literature: A Guide and Style Sheet. Cengage, 2018.

Introduction

A narrative thesis statement is a statement having the central idea of your narrative essay. It sets the direction and focus of the story, making the readers go through the author’s experiences and intentions even before reading the essay.

Whether a narrative thesis statement is reflective, descriptive, or persuasive, it captures the essence of the narrative. It may reflect the personal growth or resilience of the writer as seen in the examples of overcoming childhood challenges in some stories.

In fact, a narrative essay thesis statement comprises the core message and the narrative trajectory of the story or the essay, inviting the readers to a captivating journey the author shows through this statement.

Type of Narrative Thesis Statement

However, the type of the narrative thesis statement depends on the type of essay, topic, context, and above all the assignment type. Here are some types of narrative thesis statement examples generally written in composition courses.

Type	Example	Explanation
Reflective Thesis Statement	“Through the challenges of my childhood, I discovered the transformative power of resilience and determination.”	This type of narrative thesis statement reflects on personal experiences and growth. It highlights the author’s past struggles and how they have learned important life lessons from those challenges.
Descriptive Thesis Statement	“The haunting beauty of the abandoned mansion concealed secrets that would unravel the mysteries of my family’s history.”	A descriptive narrative thesis statement sets the stage by emphasizing the setting and atmosphere of the story. In this example, the author is hinting at an abandoned mansion that holds secrets relevant to their family’s history.
Persuasive Thesis Statement	“By sharing my struggle with mental illness, I aim to challenge society’s stigmatization and foster empathy and understanding.”	A persuasive narrative thesis statement aims to convince the readers of a particular point of view or purpose. Here, the author intends to share his/her personal experience with mental illness to challenge social stigmatization.

These types of narrative thesis statements provide different approaches to storytelling, focusing on personal growth and reflection though the objective could be to inform, teach or even persuade the readers.

Elements of a Narrative Thesis Statement

1. Clear and Concise: A narrative thesis statement should be succinctly articulated, presenting the central theme or focus of the narrative in a straightforward manner.
2. Reflective or Descriptive: It should offer a glimpse into the content, reflecting its key aspects or describing the journey readers are about to take.
3. Personal Perspective: Often, a narrative thesis reflects the author’s perspective, conveying his/her emotions, experiences, or insights into events.
4. Provide Roadmap to the Essay: The thesis serves as a roadmap, outlining the main events or ideas that the narrative will explore, and guiding readers through the structure of the essay.
5. Coherence and Unity: A good thesis statement ensures that various elements of the narrative are connected and contribute to a unified whole, creating coherence.
6. Engaging the Readers: An effective thesis captivates readers’ interest by offering a glimpse of the intrigue of the narrative, encouraging them to delve further into the story.
7. May Contain a Persuasive Element: In some cases, a narrative thesis might incorporate a persuasive element, aiming to influence readers’ perspectives or evoke particular emotions.

Process/Steps of Writing a Narrative Thesis Statement

1. Understand the Purpose and Scope:

• Clarify the purpose of your narrative essay or story.
• Determine what you want to convey or explore through your narrative.
• Consider the scope of your narrative.
• Decide whether you will focus on a specific event, time, or some broader theme.

2. Reflect on Personal Experiences or Choose a Descriptive Setting:

• If your narrative will be reflective, reflect on some personal experiences that taught you a valuable lesson.
• If you go for a descriptive narrative, choose a compelling setting that can serve as a background to your story.

3. Identify the Main Theme or Message:

• Determine the main theme or message
• What do you want your readers to take away from your story?

4. Brainstorm Key Points and Ideas:

• Engage in brainstorming to generate key points, events, or experiences
• Consider the chronological order or logical progression

5. Write a Clear and Concise Statement:

• Summarize your chosen theme, personal experiences, or descriptive setting
• Ensure that your thesis statement effectively communicates the central idea

6. Revise and Refine:

• Review your narrative thesis statement and evaluate its effectiveness
• Revise and refine the statement as needed to enhance its clarity, coherence, and impact.

Remember, the process of writing a narrative thesis statement is iterative and repetitive. It may require multiple revisions to write a final statement that is comprehensive, coherent and cohesive.

Examples of Narrative Thesis Statements and Details

Topic	Thesis Statement
Overcoming a fear of public speaking	My journey of overcoming a fear of public speaking taught me the power of perseverance, self-belief, and the importance of stepping outside my comfort zone to grow as an individual. This is a good narrative thesis statement example.
A life-changing travel experience	Embarking on a solo backpacking trip through Southeast Asia transformed my worldview, exposing me to diverse cultures, fostering personal growth, and igniting a passion for exploration and understanding.
Coping with the loss of a loved one	Losing my grandfather was a devastating experience that taught me valuable lessons about the fragility of life, the resilience of the human spirit, and the importance of cherishing and honoring cherished memories.
Overcoming adversity through sports	Through my journey as a high school basketball player, I learned the power of perseverance, teamwork, and self-belief, enabling me to overcome obstacles, develop resilience, and achieve personal and athletic success. This is another excellent narrative thesis statement example.
An unexpected act of kindness	A stranger’s simple act of kindness towards me during a difficult time not only restored my faith in humanity but also inspired me to pay it forward and spread positivity and compassion in the world.

Suggested Readings

1. Hadiani, Dini. “The Students’Difficulties In Writing Thesis Statement.” Semantik 2.1 (2017): 80-86.
2. Miller, Ryan T., and Silvia Pessoa. “Where Is Your Thesis Statement and What Happened to Your Topic Sentences? Identifying Organizational Challenges in Undergraduate Student Argumentative Writing.” TESOL Journal 7.4 (2016): 847-873.
3. Moore, Kathleen, and Susie Lan Cassel. Techniques for College Writing: The Thesis Statement and Beyond. Cengage Learning, 2010.

More from Essay Writing:

• Expository Thesis Statement
• Background Information
• Background Information

Introduction

An informative thesis statement is type of thesis statement that is a concise declaration and provides a short view of the main ideas or points discussed in the essay. Its primary purpose is to inform and educate the reader on a specific topic, rather than to persuade or argue. The informative thesis statement, therefore, intends to outline the information the essay provides. It also guides the readers on what to expect from the content and organization of information.

However, such a thesis statement should be clear, focused, and objective, presenting the main topics or concepts explored in the subsequent body of the essay. The informative thesis statement acts as a roadmap for the readers, helping them understand the information presented in the main body.

Types of Informative Thesis Statement

There are several types of informative thesis statements. However, it all depends on the objective or purpose of the essay. It could comprise statistics, opinions, a case study, or even a personal anecdote as analyzed below in the table.

Information Type	Example	Explanation
Statistical Data	“The obesity rate among teenagers has doubled in the past decade.”	Statistical data provides quantitative information based on numerical measurements, surveys, or experiments. It presents facts and figures.
Expert Opinion	“Renowned psychologist Dr. Jane Smith argues that sleep deprivation negatively affects cognitive function.”	Expert opinions are statements made by individuals having specialized knowledge and expertise in a particular field or subject matter.
Historical Context	“The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s paved the way for significant advancements in racial equality in the United States.”	Historical context refers to the background, events, and circumstances surrounding a particular topic, helping to provide a broader perspective.
Case Study	“A study conducted by Harvard Medical School followed 100 patients with diabetes to assess the effectiveness of a new treatment.”	Case studies involve an in-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, or situation, aiming to provide insights into a specific case.
Personal Anecdote	“My own experience with online learning has highlighted the importance of self-discipline and time management skills.”	Personal anecdotes refer to individual stories or experiences that provide a subjective viewpoint or personal perspective on a given topic.

However, it must be noted that these are not the only types of informative thesis statements. Students or writers can devise their own, personalized and customized thesis statements, depending on the topic, context, and subject matter.

Main Parts of Informative Thesis Statement

1. Topic: The thesis statement should indicate the topic or subject matter discussed in the essay.
2. Focus: The thesis statement should have a clear focus that narrows the scope of the topic.
3. Claim: The thesis statement should present a specific claim about the topic.
4. Main Points: The thesis statement includes a short view of the main points or subtopics.
5. Clarity: A strong thesis statement should be clear and concise.

These elements of information provide a comprehensive approach to supporting the thesis statement, incorporating various types of data, expert opinions, historical context, specific examples, and personal experiences.

Process or Steps of Writing an Informative Thesis Statement

Step	Detail
Identify the Topic	Determine the specific topic or subject you want to focus on for your thesis statement. It should be concise and clearly defined.
Conduct Research	Gather relevant information from credible sources such as books, scholarly articles, and reputable websites. Explore different types of information, such as statistical data, expert opinions, etc.
Analyze the Information	Evaluate and critically assess the information you have collected. Look for patterns, connections, and key insights that relate to your topic. Consider the credibility and relevance of the information.
Narrow Down the Focus	Based on your analysis, narrow down the focus of your thesis statement. Determine the main argument or central idea that you want to convey.
Craft the Thesis Statement	Write a clear and concise statement that articulates the main argument or claim of your research. Make sure it is specific, debatable, and supported by the information you have gathered.
Incorporate Supporting Elements	Consider the different types of information you have collected (statistical data, expert opinions, etc.). Select the most relevant and compelling elements that strengthen and support your thesis statement.
Organize and Structure	Decide on the most effective order and structure for presenting the supporting elements. Consider logical progression, relevance, and the flow of ideas in your thesis statement.
Refine and Revise	Review your thesis statement and supporting elements. Refine the wording, ensure clarity, and revise as necessary. Seek feedback from peers or instructors to improve the overall quality and effectiveness of your thesis statement.
Finalize the Thesis Statement	Once you are satisfied with the clarity, relevance, and strength of your thesis statement, finalize it as the central guiding point for your research or paper.

This table provides a possible breakdown of the steps involved in writing an informative thesis statement. These could be exhaustive steps. However, more could depend on the individual writers, individual assignments, topics, and contexts.

Examples of Informative Thesis Statement

It is interesting to note that there are several types of Informative Thesis Statements. An Informative Thesis Statement could be a cause and effect Informative Thesis Statement or it could be an argumentative as well. Some of the examples are as follows.

Topic	Thesis Statement	Type and Explanation
Impact of Technology on Communication Skills	The increased use of digital communication platforms has negatively affected face-to-face communication skills in adults.	Cause and Effect: This thesis statement explores the relationship between technology use and the decline in face-to-face communication skills, providing new information.
Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change	The widespread adoption of renewable energy sources is crucial in decreasing the impacts of climate change and carbon reduction.	Argumentative: This thesis statement presents a stance on the importance of renewable energy sources in addressing climate change and provides a clear claim to show more information.
Effects of Social Media on Body Image Perception	Extensive exposure to idealized body images on social media contributes to a distorted perception of body image among teenagers, leading to body dissatisfaction.	Cause and Effect: This thesis statement highlights the relationship between social media exposure and its influence on body image perception in teenagers, providing more information to the readers.
Importance of Early Childhood Education	Early childhood education plays a vital role in cognitive development, social skills acquisition, and long-term academic success for children.	Informative: This thesis statement provides an overview of the significance of early childhood education and its impact on various aspects of child development.
Impact of Climate Change on Global Biodiversity	Climate change poses a significant threat to global biodiversity, resulting in the loss of habitat, species extinction, and disruptions in ecosystem functioning.	Cause and Effect: This thesis statement emphasizes the direct relationship between climate change and its detrimental effects on global biodiversity.

Remember, these are just examples. More adaptation and modification require more information and more revision for customized thesis statements.

Suggested Readings

1. Hadiani, Dini. “The Students’Difficulties In Writing Thesis Statement.” Semantik 2.1 (2017): 80-86.
2. Miller, Ryan T., and Silvia Pessoa. “Where Is Your Thesis Statement and What Happened to Your Topic Sentences? Identifying Organizational Challenges in Undergraduate Student Argumentative Writing.” Tesol Journal 7.4 (2016): 847-873.
3. Moore, Kathleen, and Susie Lan Cassel. Techniques for College Writing: The Thesis Statement and Beyond. Cengage Learning, 2010.

More from Essay Writing:

• Qualitative Thesis Statement
• Narrative Thesis Statement
• Cause and Effect Thesis Statement

What is Cause and Effect Thesis Statement

A cause and effect thesis statement comprises a sentence or a couple of sentences. It states the main idea or argument of the essay and focuses on the cause and effect relationship between two or more events, actions, or phenomena. It also explains how one factor influences or leads to another.

It presents the overall purpose and direction of the essay. It indicates that the essay is going to examine the causes of a specific event or phenomenon and discuss the effects or consequences resulting from that event or phenomenon.

How to Write Cause and Effect Thesis Statement

Every thesis statement has its own specific tips for writing. Here are some steps to follow to write a cause and effect thesis statement.

Step	Detail and Example
Choose a Topic	First, select a topic that involves a clear cause-and-effect relationship. Example: The Effects of Social Media on Mental Health
Identify the Main Causes/Effects	Then, conduct research and brainstorm the topic to identify the main causes/effects related to the chosen topic. Example: Causes of the Mental Health Due to Social Media Usage
Establish a Clear Focus	Determine the specific aspect or angle to explore in the essay. Example: Negative impacts of social media on self-esteem.
Craft a Concise Thesis Statement	Write a thesis statement that clearly states the cause and effect relationship. Example: “Excessive use of social media leads to decreased self-esteem.”
Use Cause and Effect Language	Incorporate cause and effect language in the thesis statement. Example: “leads to,” “results in.”
Provide a Preview of the Essay	Include a preview of the main causes/effects to be discussed. Example: “This essay will explore the impact of social media on self-esteem and provide evidence from studies and personal experiences.”
Revise and Refine	Review and revise the thesis statement to accurately reflect the essay’s content and focus. Example: Excessive use of social media leads to negative repercussions on a person’s well-being, causing low self-esteem and an inferiority complex.

It must be kept in mind that these steps are only for illustrative purposes and not definition ones. Every person has his/her own individual approach to writing a thesis statement. You can adapt the steps and examples that suit your specific essay topic and content.

Parts of Cause and Effect Thesis Statement

Part	Definition and Example
Topic	The topic involves a cause-and-effect relationship.
Cause	The main factor or event that leads to a specific result or outcome.
Effect	The result or consequence of the cause.
Language	The use of cause and effect language indicates the relationship between the factors.
Focus	The specific aspect or angle of the topic explored in the essay.
Preview	A brief overview of the main causes and effects discussed in the essay.
Clarity and Conciseness	Creating a clear and concise thesis statement that effectively communicates the cause and effect relationship.

Types of Cause and Effect Thesis Statements

Type	Example	Explanation
Simple Cause and Effect	The increase in global temperatures is causing the melting of polar ice caps.	This statement presents a straightforward cause and effect relationship such as the rising global temperatures is causing the melting of polar ice caps.
Single Cause with Multiple Effects	Overconsumption of sugary drinks leads to obesity, tooth decay, and increased risk of diabetes.	This type of statement links a single cause, overconsumption of sugary drinks, to multiple effects, including obesity, tooth decay, and an increased risk of diabetes.
Multiple Causes with a Single Effect	Poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition contribute to the development of heart disease.	This type of statement identifies multiple causes, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition, that collectively lead to a single effect, the development of heart disease.
Chain of Causes and Effects	Deforestation results in the loss of habitat for wildlife, disrupts ecosystems and contributes to climate change.	In a chain of causes and effects, one cause leads to an effect, which becomes the cause of the subsequent effect. Deforestation causes the loss of habitat for wildlife, which disrupts ecosystems, and ultimately contributes to climate change.
Reverse Cause and Effect	Lack of sleep leads to decreased cognitive function and productivity.	In a reverse cause and effect thesis statement, the typical cause and effect relationship is reversed. Here, the lack of sleep is the cause, and the effects include decreased cognitive function and productivity.
Conditional Cause and Effect	If students have access to quality education, they are more likely to secure well-paying jobs.	This type of statement presents a conditional cause and effect relationship. It states that if students have access to quality education (cause), they are more likely to secure well-paying jobs (effect).

Examples of Cause and Effect Thesis Statement

Topic	Initial Thesis Statement	Revised and Edited Thesis Statement
The Effects of Smoking	Smoking leads to various health problems.	The habitual smoking of cigarettes significantly increases the risk of developing lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders.
Causes of Obesity	Lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating habits contribute to obesity.	The combination of sedentary lifestyles, characterized by minimal physical exercise, and the consumption of high-calorie processed foods significantly contributes to the prevalence of obesity.
Impact of Technology on Relationships	Excessive use of technology negatively affects interpersonal relationships.	The excessive use of technology, such as smartphones and social media platforms, diminishes the quality of interpersonal relationships by impeding face-to-face communication, fostering isolation, and promoting superficial connections.
Environmental Pollution	Industrial emissions are a major cause of environmental pollution.	The unregulated emissions of pollutants from industrial activities are a significant contributor to environmental pollution, leading to air and water contamination, habitat destruction, and adverse health effects.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation	Sleep deprivation results in decreased cognitive function.	Chronic sleep deprivation, caused by various factors including work demands and lifestyle choices, significantly impairs cognitive function, leading to reduced attention span, memory problems, and decreased overall productivity.

It must be noted that the revised and edited thesis statements aim to provide more specific and focused cause-and-effect relationships.

Suggested Readings

1. Andrews, Richard, et al. Argumentation in Higher Education: Improving Practice through Theory and Research. Routledge, 2020.
2. Thomas, Louise, and John Ramage. Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric with Readings. Pearson, 2021.
3. Williams, Joseph M., et al. Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace. Pearson, 2020.
4. Yagelski, Robert P. Writing as a Way of Being: Writing Instruction, Nonduality, and the Crisis of Sustainability. Utah State University Press, 2022.

More from Essay Writing:

• Informative Thesis Statement
• Genre
• Genre-2