Introduction: “Ulysses”
Every literary piece presents universal human traits to impart lessons to readers. “Ulysses” by Lord Alfred Tennyson is no exception, offering insights into such traits. The method the poet employs involves a monologue delivered by the renowned Grecian hero also known as Odysseus. The poem captures his contemplations about an extended stay at home, a situation contrary to his adventurous nature. Ulysses reflects on his relationship with his son, acknowledging the natural differences between them. Additionally, he contemplates the ambitious journey he plans to embark on with his mariners.
The monologue concludes with him asserting that human life is fraught with risks and dangers, emphasizing its transient nature. He advocates for embracing adventure to etch his name in history before life concludes. The entirety of the monologue provides a glimpse into his life, highlighting his self-reflection and his sense of responsibility towards Ithaca. This responsibility compels him to impose “Unequal laws unto a savage race” (line 4), even though it contradicts his adventurous inclination to stay and enforce such laws. Ulysses’ enduring passion for exploration becomes evident as he declares, “I cannot rest from travel” (line 6).
Through the character of Ulysses, the poem delves into universal human traits, including curiosity, inherent differences in nature, and the ephemeral nature of human existence.
Human Nature
Curiosity is portrayed as an intrinsic aspect of human nature in the poem. Ulysses’ own curiosity becomes a representative of the broader human desire for exploration and discovery. This is evident in Ulysses’ contemplation of sitting idle in his kingdom, expressed through the assertion, “I cannot rest from travel” (line 6). The implication is that the innate drive to seek the unknown is deeply ingrained in his character.
However, Ulysses’ curiosity is not unique to him alone; it is a shared characteristic of humanity. The fulfillment of this trait carries significant meaning, encompassing the desire to establish a reputation, take pride in one’s achievements, and, above all, garner public appreciation. Ulysses exemplifies these three motivations through his curiosity. Firstly, he emphasizes that he has achieved renown, with people recognizing him for his adventurous spirit: “I am become a name / For always roaming with a hungry heart” (lines 11-12).
Regarding the second motivation, Ulysses takes pride in his name by showcasing his extensive knowledge of diverse people, climates, governments, and cultures encountered during his renowned voyages (lines 13-14). This pride is further demonstrated through his bravery, which has earned him public acclaim, and through his experiences, which have shaped his understanding of human nature. His statement, “I am a part of all that I have met” (line 18), underscores his pride in possessing knowledge that others lack, reflecting various perspectives on individuals and things.
Tennyson, through this monologue, highlights the universal human trait of curiosity as a catalyst for diverse emotions. Moreover, the narrative draws attention to the differences in human nature, emphasizing the unique ways individuals express and channel their curiosity.
Differences in Nature
Tennyson skillfully underscores the differences in human nature through the character of Ulysses in the poem. Even though Telemachus is Ulysses’ own son and has assumed the responsibilities of ruling the city, Ulysses perceives significant distinctions between them. Despite passing on the royal duties to Telemachus as he ages, Ulysses observes that his son lacks the same level of curiosity and does not actively seek appreciation as he himself does. This is encapsulated in the line, “He works his work, I mine” (line 43), indicating the divergence in their natures, pursuits, and perspectives.
Ulysses’ brief commentary on his son speaks volumes about his nuanced understanding of human nature, a wisdom acquired through encounters with diverse individuals during his voyages. These experiences have taught him the intrinsic diversity among people. While Ulysses cannot fathom a life of idleness, he recognizes that Telemachus operates differently. Their distinct natures and pursuits are a testament to the multifaceted nature of humanity.
In acknowledging Telemachus as his “own Telemachus” (line 33), Ulysses acknowledges the familial connection despite their differences. However, the divergence in their natures becomes more pronounced, particularly in Ulysses’ enduring adventurous spirit that persists even in his advanced age, acknowledging the transient nature of human life. This juxtaposition further emphasizes the unique and varied facets of human character.
Transience of Human Nature
The theme of the transience of human life becomes poignant in the concluding lines of the poem. Ulysses, while highlighting the differences with his son, acknowledges the inevitability of his own mortality. When he expresses his intention to take everything “When I am gone” (line 43), it reflects an acceptance that he does not anticipate immortality. This acceptance becomes a backdrop as Ulysses reflects on his old age and addresses his mariners.
Ulysses notes that both he and his mariners have grown old, and despite the approach of old age, they have not achieved something noble or commendable. This contemplation on the passing of time does not dampen Ulysses’ resolve. He remains determined and resolute, expressing his unwavering commitment to embark on another journey to make a name for himself. The call to “’T is not too late to seek a newer world” (line 57) reveals his enduring enthusiasm for exploration.
What’s intriguing about his resolution is its persistence until death. This not only underscores the indomitable will of human beings but also serves as a poignant commentary on the temporary nature of human existence. Ulysses, as the representative of all humanity, exemplifies this universal trait – the passionate pursuit of goals, irrespective of whether one faces life or death. In short Ulysses symbolizes the human drive to achieve, emphasizing the eternal struggle that individuals undertake, regardless of the temporal constraints of life.
Conclusion: “Ulysses”
Making it short, the analysis reveals that the poem “Ulysses” transcends being merely the monologue of a Grecian hero; it emerges as the monologue of a universal human being contemplating common traits that propel humanity towards greatness. The first of these traits, curiosity, is portrayed as a universal characteristic of great minds, exemplified by Ulysses. When he expresses that it prevents him from sitting still, he implies that it is inherent in his nature. Similarly, this relentless curiosity compels other human beings to strive for accomplishments beyond the ordinary.
Likewise, the theme of differences in nature resonates universally. Ulysses compares himself with his son, Telemachus, highlighting the inherent diversity among individuals. Despite being his son, Telemachus finds contentment in assuming rulership after replacing his father, while Ulysses, despite his advanced age, remains determined to embark on further adventures.
The third trait, acknowledging the temporariness of human life, is an undeniable reality. However, this awareness does not deter individuals from pursuing the quest for a name or greatness. In essence, the poem “Ulysses” by Tennyson illustrates that certain human traits are prevalent among most people, propelling them towards significant achievements. Lacking these traits might result in a passive existence. Consequently, the poem imparts a lesson to its readers – by cultivating a passion for greatness, individuals can apply these universal traits and achieve remarkable feats in their lives, even in the face of life’s transitory nature
Works Cited:
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Ulysses.” Poetry Foundation. n. d. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45392/ulysses. Accessed on 16 Apr. 2022.
Relevant Questions:
- How does Tennyson use the character of Ulysses to explore the universal human trait of curiosity, and how does this trait drive Ulysses to seek constant exploration and adventure?
- In “Ulysses,” how does the poem portray the differences in nature between Ulysses and his son Telemachus, and what implications does this comparison have for understanding the diversity in human aspirations and pursuits?
- Considering the theme of the transience of human life in “Ulysses,” how does the poem suggest that individuals can still find meaning and purpose despite the awareness of life’s impermanence?
