Month: January 2024

Introduction: Is Search for Truth Futile?

Is the search for truth futile? Despite the challenges and complexities, the relentless pursuit of knowledge and understanding remains an essential and rewarding endeavor for those seeking a deeper comprehension of the world around them. The concept of truth has engaged ethicists, philosophers, religious leaders, and scientists in the ongoing exploration of its definition, explication, and interpretation, raising the question of whether the search for truth is futile. Despite its centrality, truth remains a mysterious and controversial concept. The term “truth” finds its origin in the Western Saxon term triewo, meaning “faith, faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty; veracity, quality of being true,” and even “pledge” (“Truth”). This associates truth with a quality of being faithful or loyal.

Merriam-Webster defines truth as “the real facts about something: the things that are true,” implying a universal acceptance of a statement (“Truth”). However, this definition is not without controversy, as individuals may present the same facts in different manners. In philosophy, the definition of truth is complex and wrapped in ambiguous terms, often understood as a metaphysical property of sentences, assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that agree with the facts or state what is the case (Blackburn).

Scientifically, truth is often associated with propositions proven through experimentation. Nick Strobel succinctly states, “Experiments determine scientific truth,” emphasizing the replicability of experiments and the consistency of observed facts (Strobel). In contrast, ethics presents a more fluid concept of truth, varying among individuals from moral and religious perspectives.

The search for truth delves into the realms of philosophy and logic, becoming entangled in the complexities of wording, philosophical concepts, and abstruse metaphysical realities. For the common person focused on daily needs, such philosophical inquiries may seem futile, prompting the question of whether the pursuit of truth is worthwhile. The answer is not a simple yes or no; it depends on the situation, the nature of the truth sought, and the status of the person engaged in the search.

Is Search for Truth Futile in Every Situation?

In certain situations, individuals express statements that hold universal validity. These universal truths remain constant until proven otherwise. For instance, the widely accepted and universally acknowledged truth that “the sun rises in the east” is undisputed and understood by the common person. However, there are instances where even universally accepted truths are challenged.

Consider the historical belief, prevalent before Galileo’s discoveries, that the Earth was flat and the center of the universe. This notion was not confined to the Western world but was shared globally, including in China, as highlighted by John S. Major in his book, “Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought” (274). Galileo’s later refutation of his own theory, compelled by Church authorities, revealed a profound shift in understanding. The accepted universal truth was upended, and it became evident that the sun, not the Earth, occupied the center of the solar system, with the Earth revolving around it (281).

This illustrates that even universal truths are not immutable and may vary across different locations. What is considered a universal truth in one context may be perceived as false in another. It could be argued that the situational context plays a crucial role in determining the veracity of a statement as a universal truth or a false idea.

Numerous universal truths are essentially statements that hold true across various contexts. The pursuit of such universal truths is not futile; rather, exploring them allows individuals to delve into the nature of science. Through experimentation and hypothesis formation, individuals can ascertain whether a statement is genuinely a universal truth. This endeavor leads to a deeper understanding of the reality behind the proclaimed truth, which, in itself, becomes a truth. Therefore, the situational context of a statement holds paramount importance in this pursuit.

Is Search for Truth Futile Due to its Nature?

Regarding the nature of truth, it can be either a concrete or abstract concept. Consider the example of a person stating the presence of a red chair on the road, with multiple witnesses corroborating and verifying the claim through personal observation. This aligns with the idea of truth being associated with a tangible and verifiable object, substantiating the statement as true. As Spirkin noted in his book “Dialectical Materialism,” he expressed the notion that truth manifests itself when its time arrives (38). While this might suggest a relativistic perspective, the nature of truth, in essence, signifies an absolute or whole concept.

Spirkin argues that truth is intricately connected to a comprehensive understanding of the world, implying complete, or maximal knowledge, an endeavor he deems nearly impossible (39). He introduces criteria, inspired by Descartes and Spinoza, to delineate the nature of truth—clarity, distinctness, and the yardstick of reason. However, he acknowledges that the determination of truth’s nature is contingent upon the specific statement and the object under discussion (42). This implies that the nature of truth can vary, exhibiting both concrete and fluid or indeterminable qualities.

Despite this variability, Spirkin emphasizes that the search for truth is worthwhile. Whether one seeks truth in history, logic, philosophy, or religion, the pursuit is seen as valuable and meaningful. Therefore, the exploration of truth is not futile, as individuals searching for truth are seeking something of worth and utility.

Is Search for Truth Futile Due Status?

Considering the role of an individual’s status, it becomes pertinent to examine how truth is perceived and influenced by the actions of individuals. Propaganda emerges as a notable factor through which truth can be distorted or even extinguished. Wealthy and powerful individuals often manipulate the truth, employing propaganda to distort facts and manipulate reasoning to serve their interests. Hans van Krieken aptly states that “truth and lie are matter and antimatter,” illustrating their fundamental opposition (417). In essence, lies and truths exist in disparate realms, yet truth, being more intrinsic, requires time to permeate and establish itself.

The impact of personal status is significant in this context. A notable example is the acceptance of the Prophet of Islam, where credibility was not solely based on the truth he spoke but rather on the widespread acknowledgment of his truthful nature, as argued by Safiurahman Mubarakpur (38). The Prophet’s commitment to truth took time to spread and gain recognition.

However, Krieken suggests that despite their distinct realms, truth and lies are “exclusively mutual,” implying that individuals often exploit falsehood for their personal motives (318). In the contemporary world, discerning the truth has become urgent, especially concerning events, occurrences, and individuals. Failure to do so can result in false propaganda taking hold and distorting public perception, as exemplified by instances like the Iraq War, where the absence of weapons of mass destruction was later revealed. The status of an individual profoundly affects the search for truth. While a person with wealth, power, and authority may have easier access to the truth, there is an increased risk of the truth being manipulated or falsified to serve their interests.

Conclusion: Is Search for Truth Futile?

In short, truth, irrespective of its interpretation, holds moral and ethical significance, serving as an indispensable guide for individuals striving to lead a truthful and virtuous life. The pursuit of truth is essential for uncovering facts and realities, whether within the realms of religion or science. Seeking universal truths, as exemplified by Galileo’s thirst for understanding, is particularly beneficial, as it enables individuals to explore the profound reality that underlies these truths. In both scientific and religious contexts, understanding the nature of truth is deemed more crucial than merely knowing the truth itself.

While the attainment of absolute truth or maximum knowledge may at times seem unattainable, establishing criteria to examine the nature of truth proves fruitful. Despite encountering lies along the way, the pursuit of truth fosters conviction and persuasiveness. Considering the impact of a person’s status, truth becomes even more relevant, given the propensity for falsification and propaganda to spread more swiftly than the truth.

Although the argument that the nature of truth is fluid and ever-changing holds validity, the search for truth is far from futile. It propels individuals towards a deeper understanding of the world and the reality that surrounds them. As individuals embark on this quest, they come to realize that the pursuit of truth is not only worthwhile but crucial for comprehending the purpose of the universe, their own existence, and the reality of the world. Thus, the search for truth emerges as a meaningful and purposeful endeavor, one that individuals with sufficient intellectual capacity should embrace as a central pursuit in their lives.

Works Cited: Is Search for Truth Futile?

1. Blackburn, Simon W. “Truth: Philosophy and Logic.” Britannica. n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2023.
2. Krieken, Hans van. The Truth about Reality: What God and Religion Do Not Want You to Know. Xlibris Corporation. 2008. pp. 341-381.
3. Major, John S. Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought. SUNY Press. 1993. pp. 270-280.
4. Mubarakpuri, Safirurahaman. The Sealed Nectar. Daraul Salam. Pakistan. 2003. pp. 38-39.
5. Spirkin, Alexander. Dialectical Materialism. Progress Publishers. 1983. pp. 35-41.
6. Strobel, Nick. “Science in General.” WMICH. 12 Sep. 2000. Web. 11 Nov. 2023.
7. “Truth.” Online Etymology Dictionary. n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2023.
8. “Truth.” Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2023.

Relevant Questions: Is Search for Truth Futile?

1. Philosophical Inquiry: In the quest for truth, how do different philosophical perspectives view the attainability of absolute truth? Are there schools of thought that argue for the futility of the search for truth, or conversely, those that emphasize the possibility of discovering universal truths?
2. Scientific and Empirical Perspectives: From a scientific standpoint, does the evolving nature of knowledge and the constant refinement of theories suggest that the search for truth is an ongoing, never-ending process? How do advancements in scientific understanding challenge or support the notion that a complete and final truth is unattainable?
3. Practical Implications: Considering the practical aspects of everyday life, does the belief in the futility of the search for truth lead to apathy or a lack of motivation to seek knowledge and understanding? Alternatively, does the pursuit of truth have inherent value, even if absolute certainty may be elusive? How do different perspectives on the attainability of truth influence human behavior and societal progress?

Outlines: Is Junk Food Proving Expensive and Harmful for the People?

Is junk food proving expensive? Beyond the monetary toll on individuals, the broader societal costs are becoming increasingly evident as healthcare expenses rise due to the adverse health effects associated with excessive consumption of unhealthy food choices.

I-Introduction: Is Junk Food Proving Expensive?

A. Attention Grabber: Junk food, though superficially seem beneficial, is proving an attractive poison for the public.

B. Background information: Junk food, its preparation, types of junk food, attraction and cause of its being delicious and tasty

C. Thesis Statement: Despite having appetizing features, junk food is not only proving a burden on the pockets, but also leading to obesity and spreading diseases.

II-Body Paragraphs: Is Junk Food Proving Expensive?

A. Junk food is not as cheaper as it has been supposed.

I. The amount of $14 can feed four to six persons as opposed to burgers form McDonalds (Bittman).

II. It is also that “A meal of real food cooked at home can easily contain more calories, most of them of the “healthy” variety” (Bittman).

B. Junk food leads to the great issue of obesity that causes several medical complications.

I. One of the major reasons of obesity among school children is the availability of junk foods (Datar &Nicosia)

II. It is also that several parents do not take care of the healthy domestic food or junk food. They eat themselves and give to their children which lead to obesity.

C. Junk food also causes several other medical complications and diseases.

I. It has been a debate of several points that junk and fast food causes not only diabetes, cancer and blood pressure but also cardiac diseases.

II. Chemicals and additives used in the junk and fast food lead to several medical complications and ultimately death (Orel).

Counterargument: Is Junk Food Proving Expensive?

A. The truth is that sometime fast foods prove cheaper than organic foods.

I. The food production in the United States and other countries have made fast food cheaper than organic food (Thompson).

II. Fast food, which is often boiled and made with cheap vegetables, is cheaper than organic foods grown several miles away on ranches and farms, and reach cities after the payment of heavy expenditures for transportation.

III. Despite this, not only good fast food is expensive, but also leads to obesity and other medical complications.

III. Conclusion: Is Junk Food Proving Expensive?

A. Rephrasing thesis statement

B. Summary of the issue

C. Concluding remarks

Works Cited: Is Junk Food Proving Expensive?

1. Bittman, Mark. ” Is Junk Food Really Cheaper?” The New York Times. The New York Times. 24 Sep. 2011. Web. 25 April 2022.
2. Datar, Ashlesha, and Nancy Nicosia. “Junk Food in Schools and Childhood Obesity.” Journal of policy analysis and management : [the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management] 31.2 (2012): 312–337. PMC. Web. 26 Apr. 2022.
3. Orel, Kenneth M. ” Eating Yourself to Death: The Junk Food Epidemic.” The Real Truth. The Real Truth. April 2015. Web. 25 April 2022.
4. Thomspon, Derek. ” Why is American Food So Cheap?”. The Atlantic. The Atlantic.11 Jan. 2010. Web. 25 April 2022.

Relevant Questions: Is Junk Food Proving Expensive and Harmful for the People?

1. Financial Impact: How does the consumption of junk food contribute to economic burdens on individuals and society? Are there hidden costs associated with treating health issues related to poor nutrition, and how does this affect healthcare expenses and productivity?
2. Health Consequences: What specific health problems are linked to the regular consumption of junk food, and how do these contribute to overall healthcare costs? Additionally, what is the long-term impact on individuals’ well-being, and how does it affect their quality of life?
3. Social and Environmental Costs: How does the production and consumption of junk food contribute to environmental degradation and social inequalities? Are there externalities such as environmental pollution, resource depletion, or social disparities in access to healthy food options that are often overlooked in the assessment of the true cost of junk food?

Introduction: Junk Food Proving Expensive

Junk food proving expensive, both in terms of financial costs and long-term health consequences, as the societal burden of treating obesity-related illnesses continues to rise. There is no distinction between the elite and the proletariat class when it comes to the fondness for fast food establishments such as Burger King, McDonald’s, and KFC—each being a household name capable of evoking mouthwatering sensations merely with their mention. The term “junk food,” as defined by the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, refers to a type of “food that is high in calories but low in nutritional content” (“Merriam-Webster”). However, this definition only captures part of the essence, as some junk foods contain nutritional ingredients that compel doctors to advise their patients to relinquish their addiction to such fare.

Junk foods are, in reality, food items prepared through the processing of various ingredients, preservatives, additives, nutritional components, and natural colors. These foods are meticulously crafted to not only appear highly attractive but also to be irresistibly appetizing and delicious. Renowned nutritionist Dr. Karl Kruszelnicki coined the term “bliss point” to describe the chemists’ achievement in finding additives and natural colors designed to deceive the public. These chemically enhanced foods are labeled as “hyperpalatable,” a term used by Dr. Kessler—an authority on the impact of junk food on health. Kruszelnicki strongly criticizes these foods, emphasizing their capacity to create a taste that easily leads individuals into addiction due to their easy preparation, accessibility, and delectable flavors.

Despite the enticing features, junk food has become a popular indulgence for the public, exacting a toll in the form of detrimental effects on public health. Beyond being a financial burden, it contributes to obesity and the spread of diseases, underscoring the adverse consequences associated with its consumption.

Junk Food Proving Expensive

Junk food, often perceived as more affordable, is, in reality, not as economical as other food options, particularly when compared to organically cooked meals at home. This perspective is highlighted in an article by Mark Bittman published in The New York Times, titled “Is Junk Food Really Cheaper?” In this article, Bittman reveals that a burger at McDonald’s, although seemingly inexpensive, costs $14 and is only sufficient for a single person. In contrast, the same amount could be utilized to feed at least four to six individuals if spent on groceries and preparing meals at home. Bittman challenges assertions of cost-effectiveness made by others as “confident statements,” contending that such claims lack credibility because those making them often lack practical experience in home cooking.

Bittman emphasizes that home-cooked meals not only incur minimal costs but also offer freshness and nutrition that surpasses that of junk food from prominent brands. He supports this argument with statistics, asserting that the prevalence of fast food is more a matter of choice and financial considerations than it is about being economical and nutritious. Contrary to advertisements touting junk food as having fewer expenses and being healthy, Bittman counters that a home-cooked meal can easily surpass it in both calorie count and nutritional value. He states, “A meal of real food cooked at home can easily contain more calories, most of them of the ‘healthy’ variety” (Bittman), challenging the misconception that junk food is a cheaper and healthier alternative. In reality, he contends, it is more expensive and of lower quality compared to organically prepared foods at home.

Qualitywise Junk Food Proving Expensive

In addition to being costly and lacking in nutritional value, junk food contributes significantly to health problems, with obesity being a prominent issue. Obesity, defined as an excess of body weight detrimental to one’s health, is underscored by Data and Nicosia in their research article “Junk Food in Schools and Childhood Obesity.” The authors assert that the ready availability of junk food in school cafeterias and homes is a leading cause of obesity among school children. They attribute this issue to parental negligence, as parents permit their children to consume various types of junk foods, ultimately leading to obesity and the onset of complex health problems during adolescence (Data & Nicosia).

The obesity concern extends beyond children and teenagers, becoming a significant problem in the United States. This issue not only impacts the public but also places a burden on the government in terms of the budget allocated to promote public health. Recent statements have characterized obesity as a health crisis in the United States. Despite labeling all junk foods as affordable, Linda Carroll and Madelyn Fernstrom highlight their role in contributing to obesity, which has emerged as a major threat to both public health and the government’s budget (Carroll & Fernstrom).

Junk Food Proving Expensive Due to Issues

Obesity is not the sole health concern associated with junk food consumption. While obesity itself can lead to conditions such as diabetes, blood pressure, and cardiac issues, junk food is also implicated in various complications, including anemia resulting from digestive issues. The extreme acidity present in junk food, owing to additives and chemical nutrients used to enhance palatability, can lead to digestive problems. Individuals addicted to foods like burgers often experience severe constipation and indigestion, contributing to the accumulation of excess fat around the abdomen and an increase in overall body weight.

Snoring, a prevalent issue in many households, has also been linked to excessive consumption of junk food. Cardiac problems can arise both in the presence of obesity and independently when junk food is consumed excessively. Kenneth Orel, in his article, eloquently states that indulging in junk food is akin to “eating yourself to death.” This metaphor reflects the use of edible chemicals, additives, and natural colors by renowned brands to attract customers in the name of taste and nutrition. Orel emphasizes that such ingredients not only create medical complications but also expose individuals to the risk of suffering from multiple diseases simultaneously, potentially leading to premature death for those addicted to junk food (Orel).

Junk Food Proving Expensive Due to Popularity

Nevertheless, an alternative perspective is presented by Derek Thompson in his article “Why is American Food So Cheap?” published in The Atlantic. Thompson contends that fast food or junk food is significantly more affordable than organic food cooked at home. He argues that the widespread production of organic food globally has propelled fast food into a popular choice due to its accessibility, ease of preparation, taste, and visually appealing characteristics. Thompson attributes this popularity to the use of cheaper vegetables in fast food preparation, which proves more economical than the cost of vegetables and beef steaks cooked at home (Thompson). While his argument has validity, it does not account for the inclusion of other costly factors such as various types of fast foods, chemicals, additives, and their long-term effects on health.

It is essential to recognize that the affordability of specific items, like French fries, does not imply that individuals with limited financial means will exclusively consume these items in every meal. Bittman and Carroll present more compelling arguments, criticizing junk food not only as an expensive option but also as a perilous choice for health due to various reasons.

Conclusion: Junk Food Proving Expensive

In short, while junk food undoubtedly possesses an appealing and colorful allure, it has failed to establish itself as a staple food in the long run. Despite the successful marketing strategies employed by top brands to capture public attention and favor, the inherent dangers associated with junk food have become increasingly evident. Contrary to claims from certain quarters suggesting that it is a cheaper and healthier option, it has proven to be a risky choice for mankind. Its expensive nature in comparison to organic food, contribution to obesity, and the onset of various health issues, challenge the notion that junk food is a cost-effective and wholesome dietary choice. Therefore, the argument asserting that junk food is neither cheap nor healthy is legitimate and supported by valid reasons.

Works Cited: Junk Food Proving Expensive

1. Bittman, Mark. ” Is Junk Food Really Cheaper?” The New York Times. The New York Times. 24 Sep. 2011. Web. 25 April 2022.
2. Caroll, Linda, Madelyn Fernstrom. “Cheap Food Blamed for America’s Obesity Crisis.” NBC News. NBC News. 22 May 2014. Web. 26 April 2022.
3. Datar, Ashlesha, and Nancy Nicosia. “Junk Food in Schools and Childhood Obesity.” Journal of policy analysis and management : [the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management] 31.2 (2012): 312–337. PMC. Web. 26 Apr. 2022.
4. Kruszelnicki, Karl S. “Fast Food’s Tasty Tricks Keep You Eating.” ABC Science. ABC Science. 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 26 April 2022.
5. Orel, Kenneth M. ” Eating Yourself to Death: The Junk Food Epidemic.” The Real Truth. The Real Truth. April 2015. Web. 25 April 2022.
6. Thomspon, Derek. ” Why is American Food So Cheap?”. The Atlantic. The Atlantic.11 Jan. 2010. Web. 25 April 2022.

Relevant Questions About Junk Food Proving Expensive and Harmful for People

1. How do the long-term health consequences of consuming junk food contribute to “Junk Food Proving Expensive,” and what impact does it have on the financial burden of healthcare systems?
2. In what ways do the marketing and affordability of junk food contribute to its consumption, especially among lower-income populations, and how does this economic strain contribute to “Junk Food Proving Expensive” for individuals and families?
3. To what extent does government policy address the economic and health consequences of widespread junk food consumption, and how effective are current regulatory measures in alleviating the issues associated with “Junk Food Proving Expensive”?

Introduction: Shame and Honor in Chivalric Culture

“The Knight and the Sword” illustrates various traditions associated with honor and shame in the Chivalric culture of Anglo-Saxon society, which is based on the principles of chivalry and knighthood. Holding the badge of knighthood itself was considered an honor. A knight was expected to adhere to a specific code of honor, encompassing aspects such as wearing military attire, maintaining a state of battle-preparedness, persevering once committed to a path, not abandoning a lady who willingly offered herself to a knight, and refraining from injuring or killing a fellow knight who demonstrated excellence.

For instance, Sir Gawain is depicted clad in knightly attire and armed with weapons. He persists on the chosen path despite being warned by shepherds about the dangers of a castle. It is an honor for him to boldly tread the undertaken path. He does not refrain from touching the lady, even in the face of the potential danger of a hanging sword. Leaving the lady under such circumstances would bring shame upon him if known to the public. However, it would be an honor for him to sustain injuries in his attempt, as it would signify that the knight had exerted his utmost effort. Winning the hand of the lady after facing perils is also considered an honor in chivalric culture.

Another aspect of honor in chivalric culture is the importance of keeping one’s word. This is exemplified when the father knight fulfills his promise and gives his daughter as a prize to Sir Gawain for his courage and bravery (Brewer 1992).

Shame and Honor in Chivalric Culture in Korea

Korean culture, as illustrated by Muller in his article, demonstrates a societal adherence to the cultural tradition of maintaining conjugal relations, even in the face of abuse. Such conformity is viewed as a significant social and moral honor, representing a dignified practice. In stark contrast, living as a divorced single parent is perceived as a considerable shame, as exemplified by Choi Jin-Sil’s experience, who found it difficult to endure the societal stigma associated with divorce. Consequently, being a single parent is also considered a source of great shame.

Interestingly, suicide is paradoxically valued as a great honor, as it is seen as upholding the honor of the victim. This perspective is evident in the tragic case of Choi, where her suicide garnered considerable sympathy and contributed to a notable increase in the suicide rate. Similarly, depression is regarded as a shameful condition, as noted by psychologist Hyong-soo, who observes that individuals tend to conceal their visits to psychiatrists. Family members, too, perceive depression or mental illness as a source of shame, leading them to conceal such matters from the public eye to protect their honor (Muller 2015).

Shame and Honor in Chivalric Culture in Anglo-Saxon and Korea

Shame and honor are perceived differently in the Anglo-Saxon period, as exemplified by Sir Gawain’s narrative, and in contemporary Korean culture. For Sir Gawain, it is an honor to be invited and entertained, but it would be considered a shame for him to abstain from engaging with the lady solely due to the fear of the hanging sword. In the public eye, refraining from pursuing pleasure with the lady would bring great shame upon him, even though societal norms discourage questioning his actions outside of wedlock. People would likely praise him for risking his life in what is essentially a symbolic act of suicide to partake in an affair with the lady (Brewer 1992).

In contrast, Korean culture places a different emphasis on honor. Individuals are expected to endure and maintain conjugal relations even in abusive relationships, as it is viewed as an obligation that contributes to the honor of the entire family. Divorce, therefore, becomes a matter of great shame. Interestingly, if someone attempts to escape an abusive relationship through suicide, they may be considered a hero, eliciting sympathy. Paradoxically, a person who survives while some of their relations commit suicide might experience a sense of shame due to public censure, despite winning sympathy and honor if they themselves choose suicide (Muller 2015).

Shame and Honor in Chivalric Culture in North America

In North American culture, the concept of personal dignity is held in high regard, emphasizing an individual’s intrinsic worth as an inalienable right. The validation of one’s self-worth is crucial, requiring the approval of others within the community. Additionally, within the African American community, an act of honor involves protecting the dignity of sisters or female family members. It is considered an honorable action to confront and potentially confront physically those who make inappropriate remarks about female family members.

Furthermore, a contemporary development in the concept of shame has emerged, particularly in the context of social media. Criticizing or speaking against a social media group, where all members of the group perceive it as an attack on the collective, has become a source of shame for the individual involved. The act of expressing dissent or disagreement within such a group can lead to feelings of shame imposed by the group members (or the group’s collective opinion).

Works Cited: Shame and Honor in Chivalric Culture

1. Brewer, Elisabeth. “Appendix B: The Knight and the Sword.” Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Sources and Analogues Ed. Elisabeth Brewer. New York: Cambridge and Rochester, 1992. Page 109-121. Print.
2. Muller, T. Robert. “South Koreans Use Suicide to Preserve Honour.” York University. 06 Mar. 2015. http://trauma.blog.yorku.ca/2015/03/south-koreans-use-suicide-to-preserve-honour/ Accessed on 17 Mar. 2022.

Relevant Questions About Shame and Honor in Chivalric Culture of  Korea and North America

1. How did the concepts of shame and honor influence the chivalric code in Korea and North America, and were there notable differences in their application?
2. How were gender roles and relationships affected by societal expectations related to shame and honor in the chivalric cultures of Korea and North America?
3. Can you identify key historical events or literary works that exemplify the intersection of shame and honor in the chivalric cultures of Korea and North America?

Introduction: Gender Neutral Bathroom

The controversy surrounding gender neutral bathroom has become particularly complex with the presence of a third category—non-gendered individuals, such as those who identify as part of the LGBTQ+ community and transgender. These individuals often encounter distressing situations when using gender-specific restrooms. They may face derogatory remarks from men or insults from women due to their gender identity, which may not align with traditional norms. Jacob Tobia, in a Time article, eloquently describes the predicament faced by individuals like them, highlighting the constant dilemma of choosing between men’s and women’s restrooms and the potential social backlash (Tobia).

Tobia emphasizes the conflicting nature of this decision, as they risk unsettling others regardless of their choice. The challenges transgender individuals face in performing a simple task, such as using a public bathroom, are compounded by societal stigma and resultant distress. In this context, gender-neutral bathrooms emerge as a necessity, offering safety, freedom from violence, and a transformative approach to the concept of gender equality.

Types: Gender Neutral Bathroom

Gender-neutral bathrooms offer a safe and inclusive environment for individuals of all genders. By eliminating gender specifications, these spaces mitigate the need for individuals to be scrutinized based on their gender identity. Legislative measures enforcing gender-neutral bathrooms would extend this safety to everyone, including transgender and LGBTQ+ individuals. Nico Lang, in his article, emphasizes that the significance of gender-neutral bathrooms extends beyond the transgender community. He argues that it is about providing better and safer options for everyone, as these facilities remove the need to question or challenge someone’s gender identity (Lang).

The absence of gender-specific distinctions in these bathrooms helps avoid queer expressions and biased alerts that can arise when using gendered spaces. Therefore, the safety and comfort of non-gendered individuals are significantly enhanced in gender-neutral bathrooms. Additionally, the adoption of gender-neutral facilities contributes to the reduction of violence triggered by prejudicial remarks, fostering a more inclusive and tolerant environment for all.

Violence and Gender Neutral Bathroom

Violence can ensue when prejudicial remarks about gender specificity provoke a strong reaction from the victim, who may not possess the same level of patience as others. These incidents of violence, though occasionally curtailed, can escalate into physical altercations resulting from verbal abuse. Jacob Tobia echoes this sentiment in their article, asserting that gender-neutral bathrooms can help eliminate slurs, creating a violence-free environment by eradicating “state-sanctioned discrimination” (Tobia).

Moreover, the advocacy for gender-neutral bathrooms aligns with a broader movement for gender equality. Tobia suggests that utilizing the same shared space contributes to the attainment of true gender equality, a goal integral to a democratic society. This approach signifies the extension of rights to all sections of the country, emphasizing the importance of fostering an environment where individuals of diverse gender identities can coexist peacefully without fear of discrimination or violence.

Rights and Gender Neutral Bathroom

True equality remains elusive until discrimination in all its forms is eradicated, necessitating the opening of every public space to all communities, irrespective of race or gender. This signifies the extension of rights to every group within society. Robert Barnes and Moriah Balingit, in their commentary on issues faced by transgender students in schools, underscore the students’ awareness that “gender identity is a civil right” crucial for safeguarding their well-being (Barnes and Balingit). This awareness highlights the significance of protecting the gender identity of every individual, positioning gender-specific bathrooms as a potential violation of civil rights. In this context, the call for gender-neutral bathrooms aligns with the broader goal of creating an inclusive society where every individual enjoys equal rights and protection.

Conclusion: Gender Neutral Bathroom

It can be confidently asserted that gender-neutral bathrooms offer benefits rather than problems. These facilities not only provide safety benefits for transgender and LGBTQ+ individuals but also shield them from racial and gender-specific slurs. By mitigating the potential for violence that may arise when individuals of diverse gender identities encounter others in gender-specific spaces, gender-neutral bathrooms contribute to a safer environment. Furthermore, they reinforce the principle that every section or group in society has the right to utilize public spaces safely. As such, gender-neutral bathrooms emerge as a crucial need of the hour, playing a vital role in safeguarding the rights and well-being of transgender and LGBTQ+ individuals.

Works Cited: Gender Neutral Bathroom

1. Barnes, Robert and Moriah Balingit. ” Supreme Court takes up school bathroom rules for transgender students.” The Washington Post. 28 Oct. 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-takes-up-school-bathroom-rules-for-transgender-students/2016/10/28/0eece4ea-917f-11e6-a6a3-d50061aa9fae_story.html?utm_term=.6bc862c1b459. Accessed 18 Jan. 2022.
2. Lang, Nico. “Why All Public Bathrooms Should be Gender Specific.” The Daily Beast. 18 Apr. 2016. https://www.thedailybeast.com/why-all-public-bathrooms-should-be-gender-neutral/. Accessed 18 Jan. 2022.
3. Tobia, Jacob. ” Why All Bathrooms Should Be Gender-Neutral. Time. 23 Mar. 2017. http://time.com/4702962/gender-neutral-bathrooms/ Accessed 18 Jan. 2022.

Relevant Questions About Gender Neutral Bathroom

1. What are the key arguments and perspectives surrounding the implementation of gender neutral bathrooms, considering both the supporters and opponents of this initiative?
2. How do gender neutral bathrooms contribute to fostering inclusivity and accommodating the needs of individuals who identify outside the traditional binary gender categories?
3. What challenges and concerns arise in the implementation of gender neutral bathrooms, and how can institutions and societies address these issues to ensure a safe and comfortable environment for everyone?

Introduction: Devastating Beauty

Teal Pfeifer, in his essay “Devastating Beauty,” presents two interconnected yet distinct arguments. The initial argument revolves around women’s beauty standards. Pfeifer observes that advertisements in magazines often showcase thinner and more emaciated female bodies, sending misleading messages to women about achieving a particular standard of beauty. These misguided signals are rooted in a societal acceptance of visual culture, despite the detrimental impact of such media representations.

The second argument stems from the first, emphasizing that women become victims of an unrealistic beauty standard propagated by these advertisements. This victimization, in turn, contributes to both physical and psychological issues as women strive to conform to the unrealistic images presented in the media. Pfeifer suggests that women should take a stand by boycotting such magazines rather than succumbing to the pressure, believing that this collective action can effectively address the issue at its roots.

Writing Choice of Devastating Beauty

This essay is highly persuasive in its approach. Firstly, the writer seamlessly transitions from a narrative to a descriptive style, articulating a clear thesis in a single paragraph. Additionally, the incorporation of external sources lends support to the argument. Secondly, the writer provides compelling evidence in the form of statistics and examples. A notable instance is the comparison between the beauty standards of women in the 1950s and the present, emphasizing changes in height and weight. Statistical data on the dissatisfaction and mental health issues faced by women exposed to such images further strengthens the argument. The mention of over 80 percent of young girls aspiring to achieve these standards and the inclusion of academic references substantiate the detrimental impact.

Moreover, the writer supports the suggestion of a boycott with persuasive historical examples, citing the cases of Rosa Parks and Cesar Chavez. Notably, the essay successfully establishes a connection between the individual damage caused by unrealistic beauty standards and the collective power of community boycotts. The concluding statement, “we are the ones who decide whether or not their images will be purchased,” reinforces the central argument and encapsulates the persuasive circle the writer navigates.

Arguments in Devastating Beauty

Thirdly, both arguments presented in the essay are robust. The first argument addresses the self-inflicted physical harms caused by the images, particularly on the bodies of young girls, and the psychological issues they endure. The second argument advocates for a social boycott of these images, drawing parallels with historically significant social boycotts.

The strength of these arguments lies in the ample evidence provided, including statistical data, studies, and academically proven examples. However, there are two points where the evidence may appear lacking, but upon closer examination, the arguments remain sound. On page three, the author introduces the idea of changing thought patterns and brain chemistry, which might seem speculative. Yet, the argument is substantiated by the rhetorical question involving an optimistic lady interestingly looking at a style magazine. The essay then navigates to how this change may not be automatic but is possible, introducing the compelling solution of social boycott supported by relevant examples.

Issues in Devastating Beauty

One perceived deficiency in the essay is the transition from a personal narrative in the opening to a more argumentative style in the second paragraph. The initial narrative lacks a clear argument, and the shift to an argumentative essay style becomes apparent in the second paragraph. Nevertheless, the essay gains strength in the subsequent paragraphs with well-supported arguments, including evidence and statistics. The solution proposed, supported by two convincing examples, provides a solid conclusion. The essay effectively comes full circle, connecting the initial narrative with the ultimate answer – the power of social boycott.

Conclusion: Devastating Beauty

In short, a critical examination of the essay reveals a commendable use of a compelling hook and introduction to engage the reader. However, a notable area for improvement lies in the formulation of a more robust thesis statement. The existing statement, though clear, lacks the depth and specificity needed to serve as a strong argumentative guide for what follows. A thesis statement, ideally one that is debatable, should succinctly encapsulate the main argument and set the tone for the ensuing discussion. Despite this structural aspect, the remainder of the essay stands out for its persuasiveness and coherence. The well-supported arguments, bolstered by evidence and statistics, contribute to a compelling narrative that underscores the detrimental impact of beauty standards. The essay successfully navigates through historical examples, such as Rosa Parks and Cesar Chavez, to present a powerful solution in the form of a social boycott. In essence, while the essay could benefit from refining its thesis statement, its overall strength lies in the persuasive and well-articulated presentation of ideas throughout the body.

Works Cited: Devastating Beauty

1. Pfeifer, Teal, and Devastating Beauty. “Teal Pfeifer’s Argument Essay (MLA Style).” (2007).

Relevant Questions About Devastating Beauty

1. How does the concept of “devastating beauty” manifest in different aspects of art, literature, or culture, and what impact does it have on individuals’ perceptions and experiences?
2. In what ways can the portrayal of beauty in media and society lead to unrealistic standards and expectations, potentially causing harm to individuals’ self-esteem and mental well-being?
3. How does the juxtaposition of beauty and destruction in various narratives and artistic expressions contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities and contradictions inherent in the human experience?

Introduction: Condemned to be Free

My reading of J.P. Sartre’s article “Condemned to be Free” has served three objectives. The first is that my confusion about the term existentialism has been dispelled after reading this. The second is that I have encountered several other topics that he has explained thoroughly, with nothingness or “nada” being one of them. This concept serves as the very foundation of Sartre’s entire body of work. Despite the numerous explanations and details presented by other writers of his caliber about existentialism, Sartre’s work has successfully aided in helping others comprehend this complex phenomenon. The cornerstone of his entire body of work is encapsulated in his popular statement: “Man is condemned to be free.”

Being and Nothingness and Condemned to be Free

His popular work incorporated in this article was “Being and Nothingness,” and the striking quote he wrote is “Existentialism is Humanism.” If taken seriously, both of these concepts have profound repercussions for us as human beings. Further, deep reading made me aware of several other aspects of our existence that Sartre explained in detail. These include determinism, free will, the reality of moral values, the idea of God, and our relationships with both God and each other. Sartre debated on two major points. The first is “existence precedes essence,” in which he categorized his theme into two aspects: the first being “being-in-itself,” and the second being “being-for-itself.” “Man is condemned to be free” is the second major theme that he successfully and meticulously explained.

Existentialism and Condemned to be Free

Sartre maintained that the philosophy of existentialism is intricately connected to our lives, encompassing both positive and negative connotations. Taken in a negative light, existentialism can be viewed as a reaction against harmony and organized thoughts, challenging systems, order, systematic thinking, and classical schools of thought, including Aristotelianism, Thomism, as well as aspects of religion, literature, and politics. On the positive side, existentialism could be interpreted as embracing freedom, a life lived through abstract ideas, a rejection of dogmas, and a strong emphasis on individualism.

Consciousness and Condemned to be Free

It is also noteworthy that Sartre’s use of consciousness implies self-reflective awareness rather than simple awareness. The foundation of his philosophy, asserting that only self-conscious human beings can be free, is rooted in his explanation of non-conscious objects and self-conscious subjects. He not only explains that human beings are free but also emphasizes that they are free at every moment they choose to exercise their free will, stating that they are “condemned to be free.” He adds that they are “condemned to be free” because, in this context, there are not two options; they cannot refrain from exercising their free will. They are only free, and that is all. The only non-freedom act is that they are not free to perform the act of not being thrown into this world by chance. After that, a person has full freedom over their actions.

Conclusion: Condemned to be Free

Building upon my understanding of this philosophy, I delved deeper into Sartre’s other concepts, particularly freedom and nothingness. According to Sartre, freedom resides in imagination, and without it, one cannot claim to be truly free. Imagination not only distinguishes us from animals but also gives us a sense of conscience. Through imagination, we can transcend the world of materialism and explore various possibilities. Based on this, Sartre asserts that “a man is what he makes of himself.” We construct and deconstruct, create and destroy based on our imagination.

However, Sartre acknowledges that there are limitations to exercising free will in certain aspects of our lives, such as family, culture, birth, and religion. Turning to the concept of nothingness, Sartre denies the presence of any natural law or a fixed concept of human nature. He contends that the mind is empty, and the heart is nothing. Connecting freedom and nothingness, Sartre explains why man is “condemned to be free.” This exploration further deepens the understanding of Sartre’s existentialist philosophy.

Works Cited: Condemned to be Free

1. Sartre, Jean-Paul. “Condemned to be free.” Journey into Philosophy. Routledge, 2016. 394-405.

Relevant Questions about Condemned to be Free

1. How does Jean-Paul Sartre’s idea of being “condemned to be free” challenge traditional notions of fate and determinism, and what implications does it have for individual responsibility and agency?
2. In what ways does the concept of being “condemned to be free” contribute to Sartre’s existentialist philosophy, and how does it shape his views on human existence, choice, and authenticity?
3. How can the idea of being “condemned to be free” be applied to contemporary discussions about autonomy, decision-making, and the societal expectations placed on individuals in various cultural and social contexts?

Introduction: Online Degree Programs

With the advent of high-speed internet, education has undergone significant changes, leading to the introduction of numerous online degree programs by various universities. The term “online education” has become commonplace within the academic community and among students. Western universities in the United States, Canada, and several other countries now offer online degree programs. The rapid speed and widespread availability of the internet and digital devices have facilitated the offering of online degree courses, replacing traditional by-mail or distance learning programs.

According to M. Lee and Marlanda English, “These degree program often offer significant advantages in terms of cost and convenience” (1). Simultaneously, they argue that online degree programs provide valuable opportunities for individuals who are unable to leave work and attend traditional colleges or universities (1). However, there is another perspective intent on proving otherwise, and not without reason. Critics argue that the popularity of online degree programs has suffered due to the existence of diploma mills, which churn out degrees at a wholesale rate without imparting solid skills or knowledge to students. They assert, “These companies cater to individuals seeking to purchase fraudulent credentials” (1).

Bright Side of Online Degree Programs

The positive aspect of online degree program is that they provide competitive education opportunities for individuals who may have missed the chance to attend traditional colleges or universities but are proficient in internet and digital technology, with spare time after work. In this context, M. Tucker and Kathryn Cook argue that these program offer flexible alternatives to adults and graduates aiming to enhance their educational credentials in the competitive job market (2). They base their argument on the expansion of the US economy, the job market, and the increasing competition in skills. According to them, online degree programs present a valuable opportunity for individuals to educate themselves with knowledge and skills that hold value in the job market.

Their argument holds merit, considering the rapid expansion of the American job market and the growing interest of people in the virtual world to pursue education at their convenience. Therefore, their assertion that “The increasing enrollment for online degree program is proof of the success of online education” is valid (2). However, they overlook the drawbacks that have emerged in online education, specifically concerning fraud and deception involving both students and the institutions awarding degrees or fake institutions.

Dark Side of Online Degree Program

The less favorable aspect of this issue is that these program are often considered inferior or have been labeled as such compared to traditional classroom teaching or face-to-face on-campus programs. This perception arises from the lack of live interaction between students and teachers in online education. In this context, Lynn-nore Chittom and Maureen McMohan argue that credibility is a significant concern. They point out that students obtaining online degrees may not meet the same standards as those awarded for on-campus programs. Additionally, there is pressure from employers who openly express a lack of interest in candidates with online degrees (2p). Moreover, the proliferation of online institutions issuing fake degrees for a certain amount of money raises serious concerns.

Furthermore, Chittom and McMohan highlight issues related to communication during online teaching, the importance of self-discipline, and the development of social skills, which students traditionally learn in schools and colleges. However, these aspects might be lacking in the online education environment. Despite these challenges, it’s important to question whether online degree program should be dismissed entirely.

Common Grounds in Online Degree Programs Issue

Not at all. In fact, there are certain common grounds. Online programs offer significant advantages for several reasons. They provide a flexible alternative with adaptable timing, along with the benefits of convenient communication and location. Adult students, who form a substantial portion of online learners, often find it easier to grasp concepts through written communication.

While concerns about credibility exist, many universities offering online degree programs, such as Phoenix and DeVry University, have established credibility. There is a shared belief that online education has become a valuable tool for imparting knowledge and skills to students and individuals seeking to enhance their learning urgently. Simultaneously, it is crucial to address issues related to fake practices and deceptive behavior by some students attempting to present themselves as skilled when they may not be.

Viable Options About Online Degree Programs

In this context, it is crucial to find a viable solution that allows education to continue and enables individuals to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge for their respective fields. To address this issue, I propose a comprehensive threefold solution, encompassing accreditation of institutions, a ban on diploma mills, and verification of student behavior.

The first solution involves initiating degrees only through accredited and verified institutions, ensuring their recognition in the market. Governments can take the lead in launching program to verify the legitimacy of such institutions.

The second solution entails the establishment of a government body responsible for verifying degrees, ensuring their authenticity and quality.

The third solution focuses on discouraging students from obtaining fake degrees and cracking down on diploma mills that produce such fraudulent credentials. A global-level comprehensive program can be implemented to create verified and durable online education programs, ensuring that every individual has access to education without facing discrimination.

Conclusion: Online Degree Programs

Given the critical importance of education in a market economy, it is imperative that online degree program continue. These programs offer numerous advantages, providing equal access to education for individuals throughout society, with flexibility in terms of timing, affordability, and location. While they do have some drawbacks, such as issues with accreditation, a potential lack of social skills among students, and communication challenges, online degree programs have proven highly beneficial for individuals who may have missed the opportunity to attend traditional schools or colleges.

The solutions to these challenges lie in finding common ground, as both supporters and critics acknowledge the importance and value of continuing online education. It is essential, however, that these programs become more advantageous and beneficial through monitoring and improvements. By doing so, online degree program can effectively disseminate skills and tools to sections of society that may have limited access to traditional educational opportunities.

Works Cited: Online Degree Programs

1. Chittom, Lynn-nore and Maureen McMahon. “Counterpoint: Online Degree Programs are Inferior to Traditional Forms of Higher Education.” Points of View: Online Degree Programs. 3/1/2016, p3-3. 1p. http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ccco.idm.oclc.org/pov/command/detail?vid=5&sid=30ffa697-aec7-4f9c-81b8-f8e15aa17b52%40sdc-v-sessmgr03
2. Lee, M., and Marlanda English. “Online Degree Programs: An Overview.” Points of View: Online Degree Programs, Mar. 2016, p. 1. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=28675288&site=pov-live&scope=site.
3. Tucker M. and Kathryn Cook. “Point: Online Degree Programs Offer a Competitive Edge.” Points of View: Online Degree Programs. 01 Mar. 2016. p2-2. 1p. http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ccco.idm.oclc.org/pov/command/detail?vid=3&sid=30ffa697-aec7-4f9c-81b8-f8e15aa17b52%40sdc-v-sessmgr03.

Relevant Questions About Online Degree Programs

1. How can accreditation bodies and educational institutions collaborate to ensure the credibility and quality of online degree program, addressing concerns related to non-accreditation?
2. What strategies can be implemented to enhance the social and communication skills of students enrolled in online degree program, considering the potential drawbacks in these areas compared to traditional on-campus education?
3. In what ways can governments and educational authorities globally work together to regulate and eliminate diploma mills, ensuring that individuals pursuing online degree program receive legitimate credentials, and discouraging fraudulent practices in the online education sector?