Tag: short essays

Introduction: “The Most Dangerous Game” Is an indictment of Hunting

“The Most Dangerous Game” is an indictment of hunting, portraying the pursuit of animals as a morally questionable endeavor that ultimately blurs the line between predator and prey. Richard Connell’s has delved into the unsettling dynamics of hunting, revealing a stark reversal of roles where the hunter becomes the hunted. Through the protagonist‘s harrowing experience of being pursued in the wilderness, Connell unveils a profound exploration of empathy and moral ambiguity. Initially a hunter accustomed to the thrill of the chase, the protagonist finds himself thrust into the unfamiliar role of prey, forced to confront the same terror and vulnerability experienced by his quarry. This transformative journey culminates in a chilling realization as the protagonist, driven by primal instincts, adopts the predatory behavior of his former adversaries. Ultimately, Connell’s narrative serves as a poignant indictment of hunting, illuminating its capacity to dehumanize individuals and erode moral boundaries. By depicting the descent of a civilized man into a savage predator, Connell underscores the corrosive effects of violence and exploitation inherent in the pursuit of sport hunting. Through this gripping tale, Connell compels readers to reconsider the ethical implications of recreational hunting, highlighting its potential to degrade human dignity and unleash the primal instincts lurking within us all.

“The Most Dangerous Game” Is an indictment of Hunting

In the opening dialogue between Rainsford and Whitney in “The Most Dangerous Game,” Rainsford staunchly defends the practice of hunting, emphasizing its perceived benefits for the hunter while dismissing any consideration for the feelings of the prey, exemplified by his assertion that hunting is “for the hunter” and “not for the jaguar.” When Whitney suggests that animals may indeed possess emotions such as fear, Rainsford rebuffs this notion, insisting that animals lack the capacity for understanding. Despite Whitney’s argument that animals experience “the fear of pain and the fear of death,” Rainsford dismisses it as “nonsense,” highlighting his refusal to empathize with the suffering of prey.

As the conversation progresses, Rainsford delineates the world into two distinct groups: “the hunters and the huntees,” asserting the inherent superiority and fortune of the former over the latter. However, when challenged by Whitney to consider the perspective of the hunted, Rainsford’s rigid worldview begins to unravel, culminating in his condemnation of hunting as murder. This contradiction underscores Rainsford’s internal conflict and moral ambiguity, as he grapples with the ethical implications of his own beliefs. Ultimately, Rainsford’s inability to reconcile his advocacy for hunting with the notion of being hunted exposes the inherent hypocrisy and moral ambiguity inherent in the pursuit of sport hunting.

Agreement: “The Most Dangerous Game” Is an indictment of Hunting

As Rainsford finds himself thrust into the role of the hunted, he experiences firsthand the same terror and agony that he once dismissed as inconsequential to the prey. Confronted with the stark reality of his mortality, Rainsford grapples with the visceral fear of impending death, gaining a newfound understanding of “how an animal at bay feels.” Despite his attempts to outwit General Zaroff over three consecutive nights, Rainsford is ultimately unable to evade capture, resulting in the tragic deaths of his loyal companion dog and the formidable Ivan.

Cornered between the unforgiving sea and the relentless pursuit of Zaroff, Rainsford makes a fateful decision to embrace his primal instincts and confront his adversary head-on. Swimming towards the distant “palatial chateau,” Rainsford calculates that he will reach the safety of the mansion before Zaroff, drawing upon his knowledge of the terrain and the capabilities of Zaroff’s hounds to bolster his confidence.

In a stunning reversal of roles, Rainsford transforms from prey to predator, taking matters into his own hands to ensure his survival. Despite his initial revulsion towards the notion of murder, Rainsford’s desperate circumstances compel him to commit the ultimate act of self-preservation, as he confronts Zaroff in the sanctuary of the bedroom. With the chilling declaration “I am still a beast at bay,” Rainsford asserts his dominance over Zaroff, proving his mettle as both hunter and hunted by claiming victory in the deadly game of cat and mouse.

Works Cited: “The Most Dangerous Game” Is an indictment of Hunting

Connell, Richard. “The Most Dangerous Game.” 1994. Fiction. 17 November 2013. http://fiction.eserver.org/short/the_most_dangerous_game.html.

Relevant Questions about “The Most Dangerous Game” Is an indictment of Hunting

1. How does “The Most Dangerous Game” challenge traditional notions of hunting as a noble and honorable pursuit, instead presenting “The Most Dangerous Game” as an indictment of Hunting, portraying it as a morally dubious activity?
2. In what ways does the narrative of “The Most Dangerous Game” explore the psychological and ethical implications of treating humans as prey in the context of “The Most Dangerous Game” Is an indictment of Hunting?
3. How does General Zaroff’s characterization in “The Most Dangerous Game” serve as a critique of the aristocratic elite’s detachment from the consequences of their pursuits, particularly in regards to “The Most Dangerous Game” Is an indictment of Hunting?

Introduction: Rainsford’s Change in “The Most Dangerous Game”

Rainsford’s change in “The Most Dangerous Game” is palpable as he transitions from the role of hunter to the hunted, confronting the moral complexities of survival and the primal instincts within himself. In both fiction and everyday life, we encounter numerous characters who initially remain static but undergo inward or psychological changes, thus earning the classification of round characters. Conversely, some characters maintain a consistent demeanor throughout the narrative, exhibiting little to no change. Various stories illustrate characters experiencing both internal and physical transformations, such as Guy De Maupassant’s “The Necklace,” wherein Mathilda undergoes profound internal and physical changes, and Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart,” wherein the narrator undergoes solely psychological transformation. In “The Most Dangerous Game,” Rainsford emerges as a round character undergoing a specific type of transformation. The narrative delineates his psychological evolution resulting from three primary catalysts: his ingrained hunting mentality, the terror of being pursued, and the looming specter of death.

First Rainsford’s Change in “The Most Dangerous Game”

The initial transformation in Rainsford becomes evident through his mindset as a “big-game hunter” (Connell 1) during a conversation with his companion Whitney en route to Brazil for a jaguar hunt. Rainsford’s callous attitude toward the animals, exemplified by his remark “Who cares how a jaguar feels” (1), underscores his lack of empathy and his resolve not to succumb to fear. Despite Whitney’s assertion that animals experience “the fear of pain and the fear of death” (1), Rainsford dismisses such notions as nonsensical. However, as their discussion shifts to the ominous “Ship-Trap Island” (1), Rainsford’s apprehension becomes palpable through his thoughts and feelings. Although he outwardly denounces Whitney’s mention of a “mental chill” and “sudden dread” (2) as mere imagination, internally he senses an ominous aura emanating from the island, described as “broadcast vibrations of evil” (2). This transformation is further illustrated when Rainsford expresses relief at leaving the vicinity of the island but maintains composure upon encountering danger, as indicated by his calm demeanor when confronted with gunfire in the forest. Subsequently, upon arriving at the foreboding chateau and encountering the enigmatic General Zaroff and his silent servant Ivan, Rainsford is thrust into a perilous hunting game, marking the inception of his transformative journey.

Second Rainsford’s Change in “The Most Dangerous Game”

The second transformation occurs as Rainsford grapples with the fear of being hunted. Initially, his encounter with General Zaroff is marked by cordiality, as the general regales him with fine dining and champagne while boasting of his hunting prowess. However, Rainsford’s unease intensifies when he notices the general’s scrutinizing gaze, sensing that he is being assessed as potential prey. Despite uncertainty about his fate, Rainsford discerns hints of danger as Zaroff implies a shift to hunting “more dangerous game,” suggesting his own diminished interest in traditional hunting pursuits (Connell 6). As Zaroff elaborates on his rationale for hunting humans, Rainsford’s trepidation mounts, particularly upon hearing Zaroff’s criteria for suitable prey: “courage, cunning, and… ability to reason” (7). This declaration leaves no doubt in Rainsford’s mind regarding his imminent role as quarry.

Although Rainsford attempts to resist Zaroff’s lethal game, the general presents him with a stark choice: participate in the hunt or face death at the hands of Ivan. Faced with this grim ultimatum, Rainsford opts for escape, choosing to flee into the perilous forest rather than succumb to Zaroff’s merciless pursuit. This pivotal decision underscores Rainsford’s evolution from a confident hunter to a desperate fugitive, driven by the primal instinct for self-preservation in the face of impending danger.

Psychological Rainsford’s Change in “The Most Dangerous Game”

Rainsford’s complete psychological transformation reaches its climax as he navigates the forest, grappling with the ever-looming specter of death. Aware of Zaroff’s expertise as a hunter and the formidable arsenal at his disposal, Rainsford employs cunning and resourcefulness in a desperate bid to evade capture. Despite his own proficiency as a tracker, Rainsford finds himself cast in the role of the hunted, forced to employ guile and deception to outmaneuver his relentless pursuer.

As Rainsford adopts the tactics of hunted prey, he realizes the chilling truth: he is merely a pawn in Zaroff’s deadly game. Accepting his fate as prey, Rainsford confronts the inevitability of his own demise, resolving to maintain his composure amidst the encroaching terror. Each moment becomes a harrowing trial, as Rainsford grapples with the primal instinct for survival while facing the relentless pursuit of his adversary.

In a series of desperate maneuvers, Rainsford employs various strategies to thwart Zaroff’s relentless pursuit, culminating in a savage struggle for survival. As exhaustion and despair threaten to overwhelm him, Rainsford experiences a visceral understanding of the plight of cornered prey, recognizing the primal desperation of an animal pushed to the brink.

In a final act of defiance, Rainsford confronts Zaroff on his own terms, asserting his identity as both hunter and prey. With the resolve of a cornered beast, Rainsford delivers a chilling ultimatum to Zaroff, signaling his readiness to face death on his own terms. In a climactic showdown, Rainsford embraces his primal instincts, emerging victorious in a deadly confrontation that echoes the brutal logic of the natural world.

Conclusion: Rainsford’s Change in “The Most Dangerous Game”

Rainsford’s transformation from hunter to hunted, fugitive, and ultimately, a primal beast, represents a complete evolution of his character, rendering him a round and dynamic figure who undergoes profound psychological change throughout the narrative. This transformation unfolds in three distinct stages, each marking a significant shift in Rainsford’s identity and worldview.

Initially, Rainsford’s staunch belief in the superiority of hunters and his disregard for the feelings of prey animals serve as the foundation for his identity as a skilled hunter. However, as he finds himself thrust into the role of prey, pursued by the formidable General Zaroff, Rainsford’s perspective begins to shift. Forced to confront the terror of being hunted, Rainsford experiences a fundamental upheaval in his understanding of power dynamics and survival instincts.

As Rainsford navigates the treacherous landscape of Ship-Trap Island, evading Zaroff’s relentless pursuit, he undergoes a gradual transformation from fugitive to primal beast. Faced with the stark reality of imminent death, Rainsford taps into his most primal instincts, embracing his animalistic nature in a bid for survival. In a climactic showdown with Zaroff, Rainsford demonstrates his capacity for both animalistic ferocity and calculated cunning, emerging victorious in a battle for survival that transcends the confines of human morality.

The irony of Rainsford’s initial argument, in which he asserts the superiority of hunters over their prey, is not lost upon him as he confronts the brutal realities of his own predicament. Through his actions and experiences, Rainsford illustrates the fluidity of identity and the capacity for profound psychological transformation in the face of adversity. In the crucible of Ship-Trap Island, Rainsford emerges not only as a survivor but as a testament to the resilience of the human spirit in the face of overwhelming odds.

Works Cited: Rainsford’s Change in “The Most Dangerous Game”

Connell, Richard. “The Most Dangerous Game.” 1994. 17 November 2013. http://fiction.eserver.org/short/the_most_dangerous_game.html.

Relevant Questions to Rainsford’s Change in “The Most Dangerous Game”

1. How does Rainsford’s initial perspective on hunting and survival evolve throughout his harrowing ordeal on Ship-Trap Island?
2. What pivotal moments or experiences contribute most significantly to Rainsford’s transformation from a confident hunter to a desperate prey in “The Most Dangerous Game”?
3. In what ways does Rainsford’s change reflect broader themes of morality, empathy, and the human capacity for adaptation and survival in Richard Connell’s “The Most Dangerous Game”?

Introduction: “The Haunted House”

Virginia Woolf has crafted a highly abstract narrative titled “The Haunted House,” which presents challenges to comprehension upon initial reading. The story employs intricate narrative techniques, contributing to its complexity. Set within a home occupied by a contemporary couple, the narrative reveals that the same house was previously inhabited by another couple a century ago. The underlying thematic exploration centers on life, death, and love, ultimately emphasizing the enduring nature of love despite changing circumstances. The story posits that love transcends time and space, persisting even in haunted places.

Couple in “The Haunted House”

In the opening passages of “The Haunted House,” Virginia Woolf intricately weaves a sense of mystery and intrigue as the contemporary couple residing in the house perceives doors closing, suggesting the presence of a ghostly couple moving throughout the rooms. This phenomenon sparks speculation that the spectral pair is in search of something left behind, perhaps years earlier. Woolf subtly hints at the enduring bond between the ghostly duo, despite their ethereal existence, as they navigate the space together.

Furthermore, as the narrative progresses, the ghostly male figure expresses a sense of emptiness, symbolizing his loss and yearning for something elusive. His dialogue hints at the profound impact of his lover’s passing, which left him emotionally adrift and physically separated from his home. This loss is poignantly illustrated through his journey “North, went East,” symbolizing a physical and emotional departure from his former life, only to return to find it irrevocably changed.

Meanwhile, the contemporary couple observes the ghostly wanderings with a mixture of curiosity and empathy, recognizing the ghostly pair’s quest for joy and fulfillment in their eternal bond. Woolf masterfully explores themes of love, loss, and longing, inviting readers to contemplate the enduring power of love beyond the constraints of time and mortality.

These elements from the story emphasize Woolf’s skillful use of narrative technique to evoke a sense of mystery, while also delving into profound themes of human experience and emotion.

Love in “The Haunted House”

In a brief exchange, the ghostly couple conveys their enduring love, rooted in their shared history within the house. The current occupants sense they are searching for something lost, possibly a valuable item like gold or currency. Despite their efforts, the elusive nature of their quest persists, driving them onward. Upon entering the bedroom, their undisturbed presence suggests a serene connection to their love.

Interpreting the spectral dialogue, the current residents discern phrases like “death between us,” “hundreds of years ago,” “here we slept,” and “kisses without numbers,” revealing the depth of affection between the ghostly pair. This profound love seems to be the very essence they seek. Ultimately, the revelation of “the light in the heart” resonates with the living couple, signifying their shared understanding and discovery.

This mutual comprehension underscores the absence of animosity between the living couple, allowing them to grasp the essence of the ghostly couple’s quest. Unafraid and attuned to the mystery of love, they welcome the spectral visitation as a testament to its enduring power. Indeed, the presence of the ghostly couple reaffirms the notion that love transcends time and space, returning to the places it once thrived.

Works Cited: “The Haunted House”

1. Cassigneul, Adèle. “Virginia Woolf’s Haunted House of Fiction.” Journal of the Short Story in English. Les Cahiers de la nouvelle 70 (2018): 73-86.

Relevant Questions about “The Haunted House”

1. How does Virginia Woolf utilize the motif of the haunted house to explore themes of memory and trauma in her work?
2. What symbolic significance do the various rooms and elements within the haunted house hold in Virginia Woolf’s narrative, and how do they contribute to the overall atmosphere of the story?
3. In what ways does “The Haunted House” reflect Virginia Woolf’s modernist style and experimental narrative techniques, particularly in its exploration of consciousness and perception?

Poetic Comments on “The Haunted House”

In the haunting whispers of the ghostly pair,

Echoes of love, timeless and rare.

Lost treasures sought in shadows deep,

In the bedroom’s embrace, their love did keep.

Through murmured words of “death between us” they spoke,

Centuries past, where love awoke.

“Here we slept,” they reminisced in delight,

With kisses unnumbered, their love took flight.

In the heart’s gentle glow, the truth did gleam,

Love’s essence found, a radiant beam.

For in the embrace of love’s sweet art,

The living couple discovered the light in the heart.

Unafraid, they welcomed the ghostly embrace,

For love’s eternal presence, time cannot erase.

Thus, in the house where love’s echo resounds,

The visit of ghosts, in love, abounds.

Introduction: Criticism of Religion in “Young Goodman Brown”

Criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown” is apparent in the shape of names, religious conventions, and norms. In Christianity, religious persecution has left horrendous marks on the Western civilization. Not only in the United Kingdom during the 16^th and 17^th centuries, but also in the United States, or New England at that time, it has demonstrated this persecution, sometimes, in the shape of witch-trails and at other times in outright killings perpetrated in the name of God. The Catholics found themselves victims of this Puritanism which spread from The Massachusetts Bay Colony to Virginian and other states. The women suffered the most during its dominance. As Hawthorne’s parents were also from Salem and belonged to the Puritan school of thought, it was but natural to be involved in those witch-hunt trials. Hawthorne did much to exonerate his parents of their wrong-doings regarding witch-hunt trials as Meltzer Milton has argued in the biography of Hawthorne (14-35). criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown” is a conscious effort on his part to further exonerate his parents from the allegations of religious persecution and witch-hunt. This dreamy story of the young Goodman Brown visiting the dark forest at night and seeing all the pious personas of his village in the devil’s company, makes him disenchanted not only about the piety of the religious figures but also about the religion itself. To show this disenchantment, Hawthorne uses symbols, allegorical shades, and dreamy situations in his criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown” to remove pious masks religious people wear to hide their hypocrisy.

 Criticism of Religion in “Young Goodman Brown”

Writers often use different but relevant symbols to criticize an idea. Hawthorne uses the same technique of employing different types of symbols to make his meanings clear to the readers in his criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown”. These symbols include darkness, light, red and white. The specific targets are the Puritan dogmas. The very mention of the forest in the beginning of the story evokes ominous feelings regarding something bad, and it is mentioned before the forest that “Goodman Brown felt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purpose” (Hawthorne 348). This means that Goodman Brown knows that this is an evil purpose and that he himself is going to the forest. The other symbol associated with evil is darkness, which is also associated with the forest, for Goodman comes out at night to visit the forest. The third is the symbol of loneliness that seems more in the “heart of the dark wilderness,” where wilderness, too, is a symbol of having no restriction to control freedom (353). It is because Goodman Brown has also come into this wilderness to have a taste of liberty from the strictly religious life. All these symbols show that good men such as Goodman Brown and his parents as well as the religious figures of his village are not as good as they pose themselves. Rather, they have committed the sins which they hypocritically hide in their religious masks. However, Hawthorne gas exposed them through these symbols. The color red is associated with sacredness, resembling the red blood of Jesus Christ. Here it is the ribbon of Faith, his wife. The light is associated with knowledge, and when Goodman Brown “saw red light before him,”, it means that everything has dawned upon him, the pious purpose of his arrival as well as the knowledge of what is going to happen (352).

Allegory and Criticism of Religion in “Young Goodman Brown”

Hawthorne has beautifully woven the entire tale as if it is an allegory in which Goodman Brown goes on an errand in the forest at night and comes across the devil and his company where he sees all the pious characters of his village, including his ancestors. This is a typical style of his criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown.” Interestingly, he harbors good ideas about them. Even his wife, Faith is there who has warned him about “what work is to be done tonight” (348). It seems he is like an Adam, who has transgressed the commands of God and has now fallen from the grace into the pit of this earth. These allegorical shades in the story have made it a fine critique of some of the Puritan ideas and hypocrisy of the followers and the religious order. It becomes further allegorical about the man and his fall that he himself is exposed as a hypocrite having shown his face as a good young man in Salem. But here he is with every other person who is in the devil’s company. It shows that nobody is as pious as he/she shows himself in the social circle including religious figures. It is at this stage that he cries out, “My Faith is lost” which has dual meanings (358). That is the very reason that he becomes disenchanted regarding the entire religious clerical order as well as his ancestors, making his criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown” sharp and biting.

Ambiguity and Criticism of Religion in “Young Goodman Brown”

Hawthorne has used the technique of ambiguity by using a dreamlike situation in his criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown”. It is unclear whether Goodman Brown has really a dream or whether he has gone through this practical experience. “Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch-meeting?” or was it real or not is a debatable question (364). However, it is clear that through this dream, Goodman Brown has come to know several bitter realities of life. He has learned that his forefathers were not as pious as he assumed. He sees that the religious figures are not as religious as they pose themselves in Salem. He sees that the good women are not as good as they show themselves in Salem. He even comes to know that his wife, Faith, is also of the same lot. That is the point where he feels that he has lost his own faith and that is why “it was a dream of evil omen for young Goodman Brown,” and he loses faith in religion or Puritanism (459).

Conclusion: Criticism of Religion in “Young Goodman Brown”

Concluding the argument of using different literary techniques to attack a dogma in his criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown”, it is easy to assert that Hawthorne has been at his best in attacking Puritanism at a time when nobody dared challenge the clergy. He has used a variety of religious symbols to show that, religion has been used as a tool to hoodwink the people. He has used an allegory like the fall of the man to show that a person becomes disenchanted after watching the hypocrisy of religious figures. However, the dreamy and confused situation of Goodman Brown has shown that a person can see reality through a dream. That is why Goodman Brown has turned into a “stern, a darkly meditative, a distrustful” young man following this dream of the journey to the forest (460). The interesting point is that even during his death, he is not given a proper Christian burial, as “they carved no hopeful verse upon his tombstone, for his dying hour was gloom,” which means that the religious hypocritical figures denied him a proper burial, a strong remark made by Hawthorne against the religious figures of that time (461). This is how criticism of religion in “Young Goodman Brown” proves a scathing critique on Puritan dogmas and values.

Works Cited: Criticism of Religion in “Young Goodman Brown”

1. Meltzer, Milton. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Biography. Minneapolis. Twenty First Century Books. 2007. p. 14-35.
2. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “Young Goodman Brown.” Norton Anthology of American Literature edited by Nina Baym and Robert S. Levine. WW Norton. 2012. p. 451-461.

Relevant Questions about Criticism of Religion in “Young Goodman Brown”

1. How does Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown” explore the theme of criticism of religion, and what specific elements of religious practice or belief are targeted in the story?
2. In “Young Goodman Brown,” how does Hawthorne use criticism of religion as a central motif, and what symbols or characters represent this critique within the narrative?
3. Could you elaborate on the role of criticism of religion in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown,” highlighting key passages or dialogues that emphasize this theme?

Introduction: Fate in “No Country for Old Men”

Fate in “No Country for Old Men” plays a central role in shaping the characters’ destinies, influencing their decisions and ultimately determining their outcomes in the harsh and unforgiving landscape of the Texas borderlands. Keeping in mind the entire plot of the movie – the deeply rooted evil within the characters of all three main characters, the tools used in this movie – both literal and figurative – become a topic of interesting discussion. Whether it is the weapons and guns used in this movie, the greed and chase for money to buy people and their loyalty, or simply people themselves, each of them can be considered a tool used in this movie from their own unique and intriguing perspective. The kinds of tools used in the plot and story of this movie can be categorized into four different aspects – firstly, the weapons and other accessories used to kill others and overcome death; secondly, money is used as a tool; thirdly, people themselves, for example, Chigurh is thought of as a tool; and finally, the entire movie’s tools.

Characters and Fate in “No Country for Old Men”

There are a number of weapons, guns, and different arms used by the main lead characters in this movie, either to protect themselves from any kind of danger or simply to brutally kill those who get in their path. The common tools seen in the movie include screwdrivers, saws, binoculars, and even maps in some scenes. However, the movie also shows the use of specialized weapons that these men use to kill others. For example, the instrument that Chigurh owns is basically like an oxygen tank, typically used to slaughter livestock in slaughterhouses, which is connected to a bolt gun (Jutel). The concept and idea behind designing such a tool clearly portray the character and personality of Chigurh. He has no sense of empathy or remorse for his actions, as evidenced by his calm and composed demeanor while using the instrument to brutally murder people. Chigurh’s violent nature is further demonstrated when he uses a silenced shotgun to murder someone without alerting his surroundings.

Chigurh always confronts people head-on, as he is considered an evil and immortal spirit, whereas Moss tries to stay one step ahead of his enemies and avoid direct confrontation. He strategically uses his weapons and tools to fight and overcome death, such as designing a weapon structure with a gun and tape to protect himself from potential threats. Despite Moss’s efforts to evade death, it continually finds him, exemplified by the transponder in the briefcase that leads his enemies to him. Moss hoped to defeat death and start a new life with the briefcase, but ultimately, fate had other plans for him.

Money and Fate in “No Country for Old Men”

If analyzed closely, the two-million-dollar briefcase becomes a catalyst for the loss of innocent lives. Moss seeks to escape with the money for a better life, while the drug dealers pursue it to reclaim their lost fortune. Money has the power to blind individuals, driving them to actions they wouldn’t normally consider. Chigurh, however, is indifferent to the monetary value, focusing instead on the challenge presented by Moss. Money serves as a tool or catalyst for Chigurh, influencing his actions and strategies. While he may not desire money, he understands its power and utilizes it to his advantage, knowing that people can be easily manipulated by monetary incentives. The coin toss scenes illustrate Chigurh’s belief in chance and probability, shaping his decisions and actions. Money is also used by Moss at the motel to legitimize his activities, highlighting its ability to influence perceptions and behaviors. Similarly, when Chigurh is injured, he uses money to persuade a stranger to aid him, demonstrating how financial incentives can sway individuals’ actions.

People and Fate in “No Country for Old Men”

As previously discussed, Chigurh views money not as an end in itself, but as a means to manipulate others and shape their actions according to his desires. Similarly, he perceives himself as a tool—a cold, emotionless instrument devoid of empathy or sentiment. Even when faced with severe injuries, such as a protruding bone from a gunshot wound, he remains indifferent, regarding his physical pain merely as an obstacle to his objectives. His belief in the power of money to buy anything, even life itself, is evident in his interactions with the two boys whom he offers a significant sum for a shirt, prompting their astonished response. Throughout the film, Chigurh’s relentless pursuit of his goals, coupled with his ruthless demeanor and lack of empathy, underscores his self-perception as a formidable tool of destruction. He instills fear in his victims and operates with a sense of invincibility, choosing his actions based on his own twisted sense of fate or chance, exemplified by his use of the coin toss as a determinant of life and death.

Fools of Fate in “No Country for Old Men”

In short “No Country for Old Men” portrays a dynamic interplay of characters, each driven by their own motivations and influenced by various tools—whether it be money, weapons, or personal vendettas. Moss’s relentless pursuit of the briefcase represents the power of money as a driving force, compelling him to confront the inevitability of death. Conversely, Chigurh is motivated by a singular determination to fulfill his task, using whatever means necessary to achieve his goal. Meanwhile, the Sheriff’s pursuit of justice highlights a different approach, one focused on capturing Chigurh and restoring order. Ultimately, the characters themselves become tools in each other’s narratives, shaping the course of events in unforeseen ways. Indeed, “No Country for Old Men” explores the multifaceted nature of tools and their impact on fate. While weapons and arms serve as instruments of violence and death, money emerges as a potent tool capable of influencing individuals’ actions and altering the course of events. Moreover, the characters themselves grapple with their identities as tools, reflecting on their roles in shaping their own destinies. Ultimately, the film suggests that while tools may offer temporary solutions or advantages, they cannot ultimately alter the immutable forces of fate and mortality.

Works Cited: Fate in “No Country for Old Men”

1. Jutel, Thierry. “No Country for Old Men, Visual Regime, Mental Image and Narrative Slowness.” Sense of Cinema. Oct. 2011. Web. 25 Apr 2023.
2. Kirn, Walter. “No Country for Old Men, Visual Regime, Mental Image and Narrative Slowness” The New York Times Book Review. 24 Jul. 2005. Web. Apr 25, 2023.
3. Mars-Jones, Adam. “No Country for Old Men”. The Guardian. 05 Nov. 2005. Web. 25 Apr 2023.
4. McCarthy, Cormac. “No Country for Old Men”. DVD. 2005.
5. Schickel, Richard. “Hypnotized by No Country for Old Men”. Times Inc. 09 Nov.  2007. Web. 25 Apr 2023.

Relevant Questions about Fate in “No Country for Old Men”

1. How does the theme of Fate in “No Country for Old Men” manifest itself throughout the narrative, and what role does it play in shaping the characters’ actions and outcomes?
2. In “No Country for Old Men,” how do the characters grapple with the concept of Fate, and how does their belief or disbelief in it influence their decisions and behaviors?
3. Can the events in “No Country for Old Men” be interpreted as predetermined by Fate, or are they a result of the characters’ choices and actions? How does the novel explore the interplay between Fate and free will?

Introduction: “The Dew Break”

“The Dew Break” by Edwidge Danticat transports readers to the lush landscapes of Haiti, where the morning mist unveils secrets as delicate as the first light of dawn. Although it is not a conventional novel in the sense that its narrative follows a linear stream of events, “”The Dew Breaker”” by Edwidge Danticat features seven interconnected long stories revolving around a central character and a common theme. Overall, the novel serves as a critique of dictatorial regimes where individuals are compelled to flee into exile.

Common People in “The Dew Break”

Edwidge Danticat vividly portrays the corrupt, severe, oppressive, and barbaric conditions faced by the common people of Haiti in “The Dew Breaker”. Through her characters, she reflects the alienation and yearnings inherent in human nature, crafting them in a way that evokes a sense of dashed hopes, unfulfilled aspirations, and isolated expectations. These characters become ensnared in a web of endless desires, symbolizing not only lost hopes but also the limited horizons of human existence. Danticat adeptly illustrates the chaos pervasive in Haiti under the dictatorial regime, with her characters perpetually striving to erase painful memories. Through her writing, the author underscores the deficiencies of human nature, painting a poignant picture of the human condition.

Characters in “The Dew Break”

The narrative of “The Dew Breaker” underscores the central role played by its eponymous character, portrayed as an average Haitian immigrant residing in Brooklyn with his wife and daughter. Despite living a seemingly resigned life, “The Dew Breaker” harbors knowledge of horrifying incidents, having been involved in the sinister activities of the Tontons Macoute during the 1960s under François Duvalier’s regime.

Named for his brutality, “The Dew Breaker” and his cohorts carried out their nefarious deeds in the early hours of the morning, when dew settled on leaves. Their grim task involved kidnapping residents from their homes, terrorizing neighborhoods, and committing numerous murders. One tragic victim was a beloved preacher who dared to speak out against government atrocities, meeting his demise at the hands of “The Dew Breaker” and his men.

The scar on “The Dew Breaker”‘s face serves as a haunting reminder of his despicable past, bearing witness to the atrocities he once perpetrated. It stands as a testament to the beast he once was, a symbol of the darkness that still lurks within him.

The cast of characters in “The Dew Breaker” extends beyond the immediate family of the titular character to include previous victims and their families. Each character’s circumstances serve as poignant reminders of “The Dew Breaker’s dark past, whether they reside in Port-au-Prince or have relocated to the United States. Despite their efforts to rebuild their lives, the specter of the past looms large, haunting them with memories of torn bodies and shattered dreams.

Whether they choose to remain in Haiti or seek refuge abroad, these characters grapple with the lasting scars of their experiences. The memory of the departed ones remains vivid, serving as both a source of comfort and a painful reminder of the losses they’ve endured. In their hearts, the departed are not merely echoes of the past but integral parts of their present, guiding their actions and shaping their identities. Through their interactions with the dead, these characters navigate the complexities of grief and resilience, finding solace in the enduring bond between the living and the departed.

Dew Breaker

Edwidge Danticat portrays the character as a symbol of the tumultuous existence experienced by Haitian-Americans. By delving into the character’s destructive past, Danticat sheds light on the challenges and disparities faced by this community. Through her writing, she creates a palpable sense of dread, illustrating how the shadows of the past can cast a long and haunting shadow over the present.

In “”The Dew Breaker”,” Danticat explores the darkest facets of human nature, showcasing the ways in which past traumas can continue to reverberate through current circumstances. She underscores the notion that our history shapes our present, emphasizing the profound impact that past events can have on an individual’s life. Through her narrative, Danticat offers a profound meditation on the interconnectedness of past and present, illuminating the complex dynamics that define the human experience.

Narration

The narrative delves into the trials and tribulations faced by the victims, exploring themes of lost hope and shattered aspirations. Through the characters’ tumultuous pasts, Danticat illuminates the dire consequences of a society plagued by unchecked violence and unrest. Despite the pervasive sense of hopelessness that pervades their lives, Danticat emphasizes that there is still room for optimism. Even in the face of adversity, the characters cling to a glimmer of hope for a better future.

In highlighting the resilience of the human spirit, Danticat underscores the inherent strength and optimism that define human nature. She argues that hope is an intrinsic part of the human experience, resilient in the face of even the harshest of circumstances. Through her narrative, Danticat offers a powerful testament to the enduring capacity for hope and resilience that resides within us all.

Characterization in The Dew Break

In “The Dew Breaker”, Edwidge Danticat employs a subtle approach to characterizing “The Dew Breaker”, often revealing aspects of his nature indirectly through the experiences of other characters. It is through the devastating impact he has on the lives of his victims that readers gain insight into the complexities of his character.

One particularly illuminating perspective comes from Anne, whose persistent hope for transformation offers a glimpse into his potential for change. Through Anne’s eyes, “The Dew Breaker” is seen as a figure capable of redemption, adding depth to his character beyond his violent past.

Perhaps the most intriguing portrayal of “The Dew Breaker” is through the lens of his daughter, who remains blissfully unaware of the darker aspects of her father’s past. To her, he is simply a caring father figure, providing a stark contrast to the perception of him held by others. This dynamic adds richness to the character of “The Dew Breaker”, revealing the complexity of his identity and the varying perspectives through which he is viewed.

In “The Dew Breaker”, Dew Breaker affectionately refers to his daughter as “Ka,” drawing from the Egyptian term for soul. For him, his wife and daughter represent a refuge from the haunting memories of his past. However, when his daughter discovers the truth about her father’s past, it shatters her perception of him as a loving father, causing profound shock and disbelief.

Edwidge Danticat masterfully constructs a gripping narrative in “The Dew Breaker”, utilizing the roles of side characters to effectively contextualize the dark past of Dew Breaker. The plight of his victims serves as a stark reflection of the brutality inherent in his nature, highlighting the impact of his actions on those he has harmed.

Flashbacks detailing Dew Breaker’s past form a significant portion of the narrative, offering insight into the haunting memories that torment him. Through these glimpses into his past, Danticat explores the complexity of Dew Breaker’s character and the weight of his remorse for the atrocities he has committed.

Opinion about “The Dew Breaker”

I am of the opinion that “The Dew Breaker” is well-narrated. The author has depicted the characters in a convincing fashion, successfully creating the desired effect through her writing. The narration is well-structured, relying on the interplay between characters to create an enthralling impression of the atrocities within Haitian-American society. Edwidge Danticat follows an organized pattern in the story, grasping the reader’s attention from the very beginning and retaining their interest throughout the narration. The unfaltering action of the story makes it an even more compelling read.

Works Cited: “The Dew Break”

1. Vega González, Susana. “Exiled subjectivities: the politics of fragmentation in Edwidge Danticat’s “The Dew Breaker”.” Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses (2007).

Relevant Questions about “The Dew Breaker”

1. How does Edwidge Danticat use the character of “The Dew Breaker” to explore themes of guilt, redemption, and the lasting impact of past actions in “The Dew Breaker”?
2. What role do the side characters play in providing insights into the complex nature of Haitian-American society and its historical traumas in “The Dew Breaker””?
3. In what ways does Danticat employ narrative structure and storytelling techniques to create a sense of tension and intrigue throughout “”The Dew Breaker”, keeping the reader engaged from start to finish?

Introduction: “The Death of Ivan Ilych”

The novella “The Death of Ivan Ilych” beautifully illustrates Tolstoy’s main philosophical paradigm through the story of Ivan. The statement that his life has been “most simple, most ordinary, and most terrible” suggests that Ivan led a life perceived as good and straightforward. The narrative follows Ivan, initially portrayed as a straightforward and ambitious child, as he pursues a career in law, marries an ordinary girl, yet ultimately faces a terrible death accompanied by mental anguish. What resonates with readers throughout the story is Ivan’s adaptation to changing circumstances to attain societal status through pretense. However, when he encounters similar pretense in others, it inflicts mental torture upon him. Thus, Ivan Ilych’s life, though seemingly straightforward and ordinary, serves as a metaphor for the human condition, highlighting the complexities and contradictions inherent in societal expectations and personal fulfillment.

Life of Ivan in “The Death of Ivan Ilych”

Ivan’s life is depicted as “most simple and most ordinary” (Tolstoy 11) as he diligently studies law, successfully completes school, and secures a respectable job without encountering significant obstacles. He effortlessly assimilates into the legal profession, adopting the manners of his colleagues and establishing new connections, a common experience for many individuals. Ivan’s career progresses steadily, marked by promotions and a commitment to his work, until he experiences a setback when he is passed over for a promotion unjustly, leading him to relocate to St. Petersburg in search of better opportunities. Despite this setback, Ivan manages to secure another good job and receives further promotions, keeping himself occupied with work. However, his life takes a drastic turn when he suddenly falls ill with an unknown ailment.

Doctor in “The Death of Ivan Ilych”

It happens that he consults one doctor after another, but each doctor arrives at a different conclusion about his disease. He receives loads of medicines but still feels the same sharp pain and unpleasant taste in his mouth, even when playing. He finally concludes that he is going to die shortly, which plunges him into mental anguish, especially when he realizes that even Praskovya, along with his friends, is not loyal to him, and that everyone who approaches him is merely pretending sympathy, except for Gerasim, his nurse, “who understood him and pitied him” (75). This makes his life unbearable until his most torturous death. Therefore, this simple yet tragically torturous death seems to symbolize the journey of mankind.

“The Death of Ivan Ilych” as a Metaphor

It serves as a metaphor for humanity, illustrating how every individual desires a good life, status, and a respectable position in society. However, friendships often prove conditional, lasting only as long as they benefit the other party. When these relationships dissolve, so does the friendship, sometimes even blood ties. On one’s deathbed, their significance diminishes, becoming merely a burden to others before departing from this world. This narrative resonates with the universal experience of mankind; Ivan is not an exception. Each person confronts the harsh reality that everyone navigates life towards their own end, leaving individuals feeling disillusioned and anguished.

Conclusion: “The Death of Ivan Ilych”

Ivan Ilyich’s life encapsulates a universal journey: starting from humble beginnings, achieving success in his career, marrying for convenience, and experiencing contentment with promotions. However, his life takes a dark turn when he confronts his mortality and realizes the superficiality of human interactions. His experience serves as a metaphor for the common path of humanity, where individuals face similar trials and revelations.

Works Cited: “The Death of Ivan Ilych”

Tolstoy, Leo. The Death of Ivan Ilych. The University of Adelaide, Australia. 2014.

Relevant Question about “The Death of Ivan Ilych”

1. How does “The Death of Ivan Ilych” explore the themes of existential dread and the search for meaning in the face of mortality?
2. In what ways does Tolstoy use Ivan Ilych’s journey towards death to critique societal norms and values, particularly regarding the pursuit of wealth, status, and conformity?
3. How does Tolstoy employ narrative structure and symbolism in “The Death of Ivan Ilych” to convey the psychological and emotional turmoil experienced by the protagonist as he confronts his impending death?

Introduction: The Blade Runner

The Blade Runner film, released in 1982 and set in a speculative future of 2019, serves as a poignant exploration of various themes, including the rise of multinational corporations and the ethical implications of advanced technological innovation. Within this dystopian world, characterized by the omnipresence of towering corporate entities, the Tyrell Corporation stands as a prominent symbol of power and influence. Renowned for its production of Replicants—highly sophisticated androids virtually indistinguishable from humans—the Tyrell Corporation epitomizes the unchecked ambition and moral ambiguity inherent in the pursuit of technological advancement.

Central to the narrative is the plight of these Replicants, whose existence hangs precariously in the balance as they navigate a hostile environment where they are relentlessly hunted down by their human creators. Designated for “retirement”—a euphemism for termination—when deemed non-compliant, these artificially intelligent beings are driven by a primal instinct for self-preservation. Faced with the imminent threat of annihilation, they employ cunning and resourcefulness, utilizing every means at their disposal to evade their pursuers and defy their predetermined fate.

The film’s exploration of the Replicants’ struggle for survival serves as a compelling allegory for the broader themes of autonomy, identity, and the ethical implications of technological progress. Through the lens of science fiction, Blade Runner prompts viewers to confront fundamental questions about the nature of humanity and the moral responsibilities inherent in the creation and control of artificial intelligence. Moreover, it serves as a cautionary tale about the potential consequences of unchecked corporate power and the commodification of life itself.

Flying cars and advertisements in The Blade Runner

If you watch Blade Runner, you’ll witness a futuristic landscape featuring flying cars and innovative forms of advertising billboards. The concept of flying cars has captivated human imagination for generations, and it appears that this aspiration may soon become a reality. However, the realization of flying cars poses significant engineering challenges, as they must be capable of taking off from confined spaces and maneuvering within limited airspace. Numerous companies worldwide are actively exploring the integration of drone technology to develop these airborne vehicles, which would operate efficiently within congested urban environments. Some companies have even pursued licensing for the operation of these aerial vehicles.

Blade Runner offers a visually striking portrayal of urban life characterized by dazzling cityscapes, a vision that has become increasingly commonplace in major cities worldwide. The film’s depiction of a bustling metropolis illuminated by neon lights and towering skyscrapers reflects the evolving urban landscape of modern mega-cities. As technology continues to advance, cities around the globe are embracing innovative infrastructure and architectural designs to accommodate growing populations and foster economic development.

Replicant vs Humans in The Blade Runner

The creators of Blade Runner, Philip K. Dick and director Ridley Scott, likely never anticipated that the future depicted in their 1982 film would bear such striking resemblance to the reality of 2019. Nevertheless, since the release of Blade Runner, remarkable advancements in fields such as computer science, biology, and genetics have propelled humanity into uncharted territory. Today, leading companies, including Google, are not only striving to enhance human capabilities but are also actively exploring avenues to extend human lifespan and even evade death itself.

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence, Nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and computer sciences has revolutionized our understanding of human potential. These advancements have paved the way for the theoretical possibility of creating exact replicas of human beings and even developing superhuman capabilities surpassing those of flesh-and-blood individuals. In the light of modern scientific achievements, the notion of a “New Human” with extraordinary capabilities beyond traditional human boundaries becomes increasingly plausible.

Blade Runner transcends its status as a mere cinematic narrative; it serves as a beacon of inspiration for future generations of thinkers and innovators. By envisioning a world where technology blurs the lines between humanity and artificiality, the film not only invites contemplation but also fosters a sense of exploration and discovery. It challenges us to reimagine the possibilities of human existence and to embrace the potential of emerging technologies to shape a bold and transformative future. In this way, Blade Runner emerges not only as an emotional narrative but also as a catalyst for envisioning and realizing new horizons of human potential.

Works Cited: The Blade Runner

1. Dempsey, Michael. “Blade Runner.” Film Quarterly (ARCHIVE) 36.2 (1982): 33.

Relevant Questions about The Blade Runner

1. How does Blade Runner explore the ethical implications of advanced technology, particularly in relation to the creation and treatment of Replicants?
2. In what ways does Blade Runner depict the impact of corporate power and influence on society, and what commentary does it offer on the consequences of unchecked corporate dominance?
3. How does Blade Runner challenge traditional notions of identity and humanity through its portrayal of Replicants, and what broader philosophical questions does it raise about the nature of consciousness and existence?

Introduction: Tagore and Informal Kuttab System:

Tagore and the Informal Kuttab System revolutionized educational paradigms by emphasizing holistic learning and community engagement over rote memorization. He has based his system on the natural impulses of human beings, wherein children learn while living in close proximity, as opposed to modern educational schools where students are forced to memorize certain information and reproduce it. He argues that “Children’s minds are sensitive to the influence of the world,” meaning they are influenced by their environment (Tagore 41). However, the system suggested here is based on experimentation in most Arab households. It lacks a known published history regarding its origins, but it is evident that it began out of the necessity for each household to have a literate member. It consists of an educated individual who teaches children, primarily Arabic and Quranic texts, within their own household and neighboring houses, typically in the drawing room, during their free time. Additionally, this educator teaches children and adults various skills and may invite other skilled individuals to assist. These learners then apply these skills within their local community free of charge (Wiseman, Saddawi, and Alromi 2008, p. 2). This system, known as the Kuttab system, was once widespread in rural Arab areas, particularly until the 1960s, and remains prevalent in impoverished districts, although it is now dwindling. A single Kuttab may accommodate up to 30 students, with only one person responsible for teaching them. These students, ranging from young toddlers to teenagers and, in some cases, adults and young girls, learn manual labor by assisting their tutor in various tasks such as fieldwork, construction, plantation work, and even digging. The Kuttab system, when integrated with public schooling, has the potential to eradicate illiteracy, promote manual labor and its benefits, and instill in public school students the dignity of work.

Students: Tagore and Informal Kuttab System

As most students in the Kuttab system are either adults or unable to attend regular schools, its professed purpose was to eradicate illiteracy by teaching reading and writing to these individuals (3). In some ways, it shares similarities with Tagore’s system, particularly in its emphasis on natural learning, although it lacks the same degree of freedom for students. Under the Kuttab system, students are given regular tasks by their mentor, who holds them accountable upon their return. Instruction primarily occurs orally, with occasional use of written materials such as copies, although this is infrequent. Despite its official replacement in 1925, the Kuttab system persists privately in some households (3). However, it differs from public schooling in its absence of formal exams and promotions to the next level; its primary objective is simply to teach reading and writing efficiently, thereby contributing to higher literacy rates. Furthermore, it diverges from Tagore’s proposed system in that it relies on a mentor who imparts knowledge through personal experience rather than learning from natural phenomena. Additionally, the timing of instruction is not fixed, occurring either during the day or at night when participants are available. As students learn what their mentor knows, the implicit aim is to combat illiteracy and equip attendees with basic literacy skills.

Features: Tagore and Informal Kuttab System

The Kuttab system’s most crucial aspect is the instruction in manual labor provided to students after their mosque studies. This entails mentors engaging these private students in manual tasks on their own fields to impart the value of labor. Without this exposure, students lack essential skills for fieldwork or coping with the demands of professional life. The primary objective is to instill in students an appreciation for manual work and the understanding that it is integral to livelihoods. Teaching manual labor to children has long been a tradition in Arab culture, as it engages both the mind and the body. In contrast to Tagore’s approach, where students are left to respond to natural occurrences freely, in the Kuttab system, mentors impart their best skills to informal students in a conducive environment devoid of strict discipline, teaching rigor, or classroom etiquette. Consequently, students feel uninhibited in learning and applying these skills, fostering humility and a strong work ethic. Collaborating this system with public schools allows students to learn through diverse approaches, fostering both knowledge acquisition and humility, preparing them to navigate society’s evolving dynamics. In essence, they are groomed to become responsible members of society, adaptable to its changing demands.

Best Practice: Tagore and Informal Kuttab System

One of the most valuable aspects of integrating this practice into public schooling is its emphasis on instilling a strong work ethic in students, particularly through manual labor. Manual labor encompasses various skills such as carpentry, masonry, cobbling, and others, all of which are integral to village and rural life in the Arab world. By learning these skills, young people not only enhance their own lives but also contribute to the improvement of their community. However, the distinguishing factor of Kuttab teaching lies in its departure from the structured format of traditional schools, where the focus is primarily on reading and writing, with limited exposure to practical skills relevant to the immediate community. In contrast, Kuttab practices emphasize responding to immediate needs, aligning with Tagore’s notion that students should engage with natural phenomena and events. For instance, a student proficient in masonry learns how to construct a house for future needs, while a cobbling student can mend shoes, among other essential skills imparted through these informal setups. By collaborating with schools, these setups can expand their offerings to include additional social skills, thereby equipping students to become productive members of society. Furthermore, Kuttab informal skills reinforce the importance of hard work for long-term success, nurturing a mindset of perseverance and resilience among students.

Conclusion: Tagore and Informal Kuttab System

In short, the Kuttab system instills three major objectives in the minds of both students and mentors. It emphasizes the natural and social imperative that everyone contributes to society in some way, understanding that mutual contributions benefit all. For instance, by integrating the Kuttab system with modern public schooling, it can aid in eradicating illiteracy as more individuals collaborate with regular teachers to teach reading and writing to others. Additionally, the collaboration addresses the gap in public schools by introducing manual skills education, imparting the understanding that manual labor is valuable and that hard work leads to long-term rewards. Through the teachings of Kuttab mentors, students grasp the significance of hard work and its eventual benefits. Ultimately, by fostering collaboration between classical and modern schooling systems, Arab society can progress towards development goals, ensuring equal opportunities for all members to acquire the skills needed to become valuable contributors to society.

Works Cited: Tagore and Informal Kuttab System

1. Dutta, Sutapa. “Debates on Schooling the Mind in Colonial Bengal.” Social Change 52.1 (2022): 93-108.

Relevant Questions about Tagore and Informal Kuttab System

1. How did the collaborative efforts between Tagore and proponents of the Informal Kuttab System influence the development and implementation of holistic learning approaches?
2. What were the key principles and methods employed within the partnership of Tagore and the Informal Kuttab System, and how did they differ from traditional educational approaches?
3. What impact did the fusion of Tagore’s philosophy with the Informal Kuttab System have on educational practices and societal attitudes towards learning during their respective time periods?

Introduction: “How It Feels to Be Colored Me”: Racial Discrimination

Comparing herself to a brown spot among white dots, Zora Neale Hurston, in her essay “How It Feels to Be Colored Me,” beautifully describes her quest for feminine identity through her keen sense of belonging to a colored background. Zora was an innocent child who didn’t recognize her colored identity until the age of thirteen, when she left her village of Eatonville for Jacksonville to study. It was there that she underwent “a sea change” (Hurston 902) upon realizing her colored background, which became a source of pride and feminine identity for her. Her vivid language, figurative expressions, metaphorical racial awareness, and use of colloquialisms draw the audience into her world as a playful girl, always aware of the white tourists but not letting discrimination affect her deeply.

Her sense of being a human being overshadowed her racial identity, and she became “everybody’s Zora,” feeling no inherent difference from others. Despite undergoing this transformation, she never felt she was “tragically colored” and remained as much a part of the world, dancing wildly to jazz tunes as she did in her childhood. Hurston’s strong sense of identity and self-pride led her to a keen awareness of her colored background, her sense of being different, and her natural inclination towards humanity, evident in her childhood and her love for jazz music.

Color and “How It Feels to Be Colored Me”

Zora was acutely aware of her colored background, a reminder at every step of her life. From an unconscious awareness in childhood to a conscious sense during her school years, her familiarity with her identity was evident. She stated that her town was “exclusively colored,” indicating her belonging to a separate race in a town where no other race resided (Hurston 138). However, she also expressed pleasure in tourists, paralleling herself with both Southerners and Northerners, affirming her belongingness to her village.

When she left for Jacksonville for studies, she became even more conscious of her colored background. However, she realized it was not the same as before, understanding that “the world is to the strong regardless of a little pigmentation more or less” (139). She recognized her power and abilities, reinforcing her identity and self-pride.

Difference and “How It Feels to Be Colored Me”

Despite this, her sense of being different persisted throughout her life. In childhood, she felt it when white visitors came to their town. Similarly, when she left for school, the feeling of being different accompanied her. There were always reminders of her colored background, emphasizing her distinctiveness from others. She often demonstrated this by embracing primal humanity through wild dancing to jazz, expressing a passion that connects her to her ancestors.

Her statement, “At certain times, I have no race, I am me” (141), metaphorically suggests that she transcends racial boundaries and belongs to humanity as a whole. She transcends her individuality, becoming a universal metaphorical figure beyond her colored identity. This realization brings her immense pleasure and allows her to maintain composure even in the face of discrimination, as she expresses, “I feel discriminated against” (142), without succumbing to anger.

Zora and “How It Feels to Be Colored Me”

Zora’s inherent humanity and her longing to reconnect with her ancestral roots are prominent themes throughout her essay. She expresses a deep desire to return to her past, from which emerges the “cosmic Zora,” a figure belonging not to any particular race but to humanity as a whole (141). She feels her race not only within herself but also in the broader context of humanity, as she states, “Besides the waters of Hudson, I feel my race” (141), implying that her race encompasses all of humanity.

Zora adeptly balances her colored background, recognizing that when a white person is among people of color, or vice versa, the contrast is sharp. This observation underscores her belief that humanity is the same regardless of race. She emphasizes that the world belongs to the strong, as she has previously stated, and therefore, she advocates for humanity over racial distinctions.

Conclusion: “How It Feels to Be Colored Me”

In short, Zora elegantly portrays her colored background within the broader context of humanity, taking pride in her uniqueness and potential to stand out among white individuals if given the opportunity or ability. She does not feel ashamed of her differences or the contrasting treatment she receives. Instead, she views her unique status as advantageous, believing that any success or recognition she achieves would bring her double credit and make her the center of attention.

Works Cited: “How It Feels to Be Colored Me”

1. Hurston, Zora Neal. “How It Feels to Be Colored Me.” n. d. Web. 25 Oct. 2021.< http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma01/grand-jean/hurston/chapters/how.html>

Relevant Questions about”How It Feels to Be Colored Me”

1. How does Zora Neale Hurston’s essay “How It Feels to Be Colored Me” explore themes of identity and belonging?
2. What literary techniques does Hurston employ in “How It Feels to Be Colored Me” to convey her experiences and perspectives on race and society?
3. How does Hurston’s portrayal of her childhood experiences in Eatonville contrast with her experiences in Jacksonville, and what does this reveal about her evolving understanding of race and identity?